﻿Scopus
EXPORT DATE: 27 March 2024

@ARTICLE{Choi201468,
	author = {Choi, Jin and Lee, Ji Hyun and Oh, Hyun Ju and Kim, Min Jung and Kim, Geon A and Park, Eun Jung and Jo, Young Kwang and Lee, Sang Im and Hong, Do Gyo and Lee, Byeong Chun},
	title = {Behavioral analysis of cloned puppies derived from an elite drug-detection dog},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {Behavior Genetics},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1},
	pages = {68 – 76},
	doi = {10.1007/s10519-013-9620-z},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893645117&doi=10.1007%2fs10519-013-9620-z&partnerID=40&md5=d22b84c6c51040c847c8034c68f92209},
	affiliations = {Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, 599 Gwanak-ro, South Korea; Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Customs Detector Dog Training Center, Customs Border Control Training Center, Korea Customs Service, Incheon 400-822, South Korea},
	abstract = {Since the first cloned dog "Snuppy" was born, many cloned dogs have been produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. We reported the production of seven cloned drug detection dogs (named "Toppies") in 2009. Although their genetic identity was confirmed, similarities in behavior and the drug-detecting ability were not examined. Therefore, this study is the first attempt to examine their behavior. We conducted the Campbell test which is commonly used to evaluate the tendency of dominance. Data were analyzed by the general linear mixed model. The scores among seven cloned puppies and four naturally-bred controls were significantly different (P < 0.0001). After the test, cloned and control puppies were trained according to the Korea Customs Detector Dog Training Center's manual. The selection rate for detector dog in the cloned puppies was higher (86 %) than that of naturally-bred dogs (30 %). Therefore, it can be concluded that drug detection dogs with high performance can be propagated more efficiently using SCNT. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
	author_keywords = {Campbell test; Canine behavior; Cloned dog; Drug detection dog; Puppy aptitude test},
	keywords = {Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cloning, Organism; Dogs; Canis familiaris; animal genetics; aptitude test; article; behavior; cell nucleus transplantation; controlled study; dog breed; drug detection dog; nonhuman; puppy; somatic cell},
	correspondence_address = {B.C. Lee; Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, 599 Gwanak-ro, South Korea; email: bclee@snu.ac.kr},
	issn = {15733297},
	coden = {BHGNA},
	pmid = {24343203},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Behav. Genet.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 13}
}

@ARTICLE{Kranz2014157,
	author = {Kranz, William and Kitts, Kelley and Strange, Nicholas and Cummins, Joshua and Lotspeich, Erica and Goodpaster, John},
	title = {On the smell of Composition C-4},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {Forensic Science International},
	volume = {236},
	pages = {157 – 163},
	doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.012},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893379908&doi=10.1016%2fj.forsciint.2013.12.012&partnerID=40&md5=b18a616b4d6413111ebe26219f0e8c99},
	affiliations = {Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, United States},
	abstract = {In efforts to locate hidden explosives, humans have had few allies as valuable as the explosives-detecting canine. The unrivaled sensitivity and selectivity of the canine nose have combined to make these animals an attractive choice for law enforcement, military, and private security applications. Although the efficacy of trained detector dogs is well-established, the question of which chemical compounds are responsible for causing a dog to recognize a particular odor and alert to it remains a subject of debate for several explosive formulations-including, perhaps most notably, Composition C-4. Previous studies have indicated that cyclohexanone, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol are the chemicals that may cause canines to alert to C-4. This has led to the suggestion that these substances could be used as a substitute for genuine C-4 in the training, testing, and maintenance of explosives-detecting canines. In this paper, we present an alternative view. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid phase microextraction as a pre-concentration technique, we have discovered that 2-ethyl-1-hexanol off-gasses not only from C-4, but also from benign sources, such as the common plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; as well as several plasticized items common to our everyday world, including PVC tile, PVC pipe, electrical tape, and credit cards. This observation may potentially discourage the use of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol for training purposes. We also present the results of our own canine field trials focused on the detection of C-4. Through the use of contingency tables and statistical testing, we demonstrate the failure of trained law enforcement dogs in our study to respond in any significant way to these potential odor compounds. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.},
	author_keywords = {2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; Canine olfaction; Composition C-4; Explosives-detection; Plastic-bonded explosives; Solid phase microextraction},
	keywords = {2 ethylhexanol; 2,3 dimethyl 2,3 dinitrobutane; bis(2 ethylhexyl)adipate; cyclohexanone; explosive; phthalic acid bis(2 ethylhexyl) ester; plasticizer; polyvinylchloride; sebacic acid di(2 ethylhexyl) ester; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound; animal experiment; article; bomb; canine training; chemical structure; controlled study; credit card; electrical tape; general device; mass fragmentography; nonhuman; olfactory discrimination; polyvinylchloride pipe; polyvinylchloride tile; priority journal; solid phase microextraction; training},
	correspondence_address = {J. Goodpaster; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 326, United States; email: jvgoodpa@iupui.edu},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ireland Ltd},
	issn = {03790738},
	coden = {FSIND},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Forensic Sci. Int.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 23}
}

@ARTICLE{Sattasathuchana20171056,
	author = {Sattasathuchana, P. and Allenspach, K. and Lopes, R. and Suchodolski, J.S. and Steiner, J.M.},
	title = {Evaluation of Serum 3-Bromotyrosine Concentrations in Dogs with Steroid-Responsive Diarrhea and Food-Responsive Diarrhea},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine},
	volume = {31},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1056 – 1061},
	doi = {10.1111/jvim.14742},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020521382&doi=10.1111%2fjvim.14742&partnerID=40&md5=6c7265b2cf81e69b910ef3d008539dbb},
	affiliations = {Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States},
	abstract = {Background: The clinical usefulness of serum 3-BrY concentrations for subclassifying dogs with food-responsive diarrhea (FRD) and steroid-responsive diarrhea (SRD) has not been studied. Hypothesis/Objectives: To compare serum 3-BrY concentrations in dogs with FRD, dogs with SRD, and healthy control dogs. Animals: 38 dogs with FRD, 14 dogs with SRD, and 46 healthy dogs. Methods: Prospective study. Measurement of 3-BrY concentration in serum samples was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results: There was no association of peripheral eosinophilia in dogs with FRD, SRD, and healthy control dogs (P = 0.069). There was no significant correlation between peripheral eosinophil counts and serum 3-BrY concentrations (ρ = −0.15, P = 0.13). Serum 3-BrY concentrations in dogs with SRD (median [range] = 3.27, 0.9–26.23 μmol/L) were significantly higher than in dogs with FRD (median [range] = 0.99, 0.62–8.82 μmol/L; P = 0.007) or in healthy dogs (median [range] = 0.62, 0.62–1.79 μmol/L; P < 0.001). Also, serum 3-BrY concentrations in dogs with FRD were significantly higher than in healthy dogs (P = 0.025). There was no significant correlation between the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index and serum 3-BrY concentrations (ρ = 0.17, P = 0.23). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Measurement of serum 3-BrY concentrations, but not the peripheral eosinophil count, is helpful for detecting dogs with SRD and FRD. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.},
	author_keywords = {Activated eosinophil; Canine; Chronic enteropathy},
	keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Tyrosine; 3 bromotyrosine; antidiarrheal agent; unclassified drug; 3-bromotyrosine; corticosteroid; tyrosine; Article; Clinical Disease Activity Index; controlled study; diarrhea; dog; enteropathy; eosinophil count; eosinophilia; female; male; mass fragmentography; nonhuman; prospective study; veterinary medicine; vomiting; analogs and derivatives; animal; blood; case control study; diet therapy; dog disease; treatment outcome; veterinary},
	correspondence_address = {P. Sattasathuchana; Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States; email: psatta99@gmail.com},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc.},
	issn = {08916640},
	pmid = {28626891},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Intern. Med.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 15; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Ganitskaya2020501,
	author = {Ganitskaya, Yu. V. and Feoktistova, N. Yu. and Vasukov, D.D. and Surov, A.V.},
	title = {Some Behavioral Features Required for the Selection of Detection Dogs},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Biology Bulletin},
	volume = {47},
	number = {5},
	pages = {501 – 505},
	doi = {10.1134/S1062359020050039},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091461011&doi=10.1134%2fS1062359020050039&partnerID=40&md5=95d5c5dda886f8a23009b97bf5425fe7},
	affiliations = {Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation},
	abstract = {Abstract: Relationships between the detection time of the target objects (drugs) and the individual behavioral characteristics of dogs have been studied. The following parameters of the individual behavior of the dogs were recorded: Sociability, Activity, Play, Reactions to the unexpected appearance of an unfamiliar object, and Noise. It has been noted that the dogs with high rates of sociability and playing and average rates of activity turned out to be the most successful in the searching. It has been found that in different breeds, the time of drug detection depends on their behavioral parameters, has own specifics, and is not gender-related. Various tests for some dog breeds for selection of the most promising detecting individuals have been recommended. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.},
	correspondence_address = {N.Y. Feoktistova; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation; email: feoktistovanyu@gmail.com},
	publisher = {Pleiades journals},
	issn = {10623590},
	coden = {BRASE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Biol. Bull.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4}
}

@ARTICLE{Cima2018260,
	author = {Cima, Greg},
	title = {Synthetic opioids put police dogs at risk},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
	volume = {252},
	number = {3},
	pages = {260 – 265},
	doi = {10.2460/javma.252.3.260},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119476096&doi=10.2460%2fjavma.252.3.260&partnerID=40&md5=56e26061160af4de7aed5fd4dde8193e},
	keywords = {carfentanil; diamorphine; fentanyl; naloxone; opiate; animal behavior; Article; contamination; drug administration; drug determination; drug efficacy; emergency care; exposure; government regulation; human; law enforcement; mortality rate; nonhuman; odor; opiate overdose; pet animal; police; safety; sniffing; veterinarian; veterinary medicine; working dog},
	publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
	issn = {00031488},
	coden = {JAVMA},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Lancaster2017360,
	author = {Lancaster, Kari and Hughes, Caitlin and Ritter, Alison},
	title = {‘Drug dogs unleashed’: An historical and political account of drug detection dogs for street-level policing of illicit drugs in New South Wales, Australia},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology},
	volume = {50},
	number = {3},
	pages = {360 – 378},
	doi = {10.1177/0004865816642826},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026815396&doi=10.1177%2f0004865816642826&partnerID=40&md5=e52b945e917050f98fa6519b12735e29},
	affiliations = {Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Australia},
	abstract = {This article provides an historical and descriptive account of the introduction and development of the use of drug detection dogs as a tool for street-level illicit drugs policing in one Australian jurisdiction, NSW. Within this account, the legal and political context in which drug detection dogs emerged and gained prominence is described. The introduction of drug detection dogs was contingent on the political imperatives at work throughout the 1990s in NSW, and the increased salience of both policing and illicit drugs issues at this time. In documenting the emergence of the use of drug detection dogs from the early 2000s, and the associated legal challenges and rapid legislative responses, the role of third sector organisations and the media in generating debate is notable. Debates concerning the dogs’ effectiveness emerged in the mid- to late-2000s, giving rise to anomalies between policy and evidence. The more recent legislative developments and public and political debate about drug detection dogs from 2012 to 2014 can be seen in light of this history. By taking a different view which situates decisions and events in their historical and political context, we begin to see the dynamic processes and contingency involved in the development and implementation of particular illicit drugs policing policies over time. As debate about drug detection dogs continues to play out, generating new insights into drugs policing policy processes is imperative. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.},
	author_keywords = {Drug detection dogs; drug policy; history; New South Wales; policing; policy processes},
	correspondence_address = {K. Lancaster; Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia; email: k.lancaster@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	issn = {00048658},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Aust. New Zealand J. Criminol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 17}
}

@ARTICLE{Schallschmidt2016,
	author = {Schallschmidt, Kristin and Becker, Roland and Jung, Christian and Bremser, Wolfram and Walles, Thorsten and Neudecker, Jens and Leschber, Gunda and Frese, Steffen and Nehls, Irene},
	title = {Comparison of volatile organic compounds from lung cancer patients and healthy controls - Challenges and limitations of an observational study},
	year = {2016},
	journal = {Journal of Breath Research},
	volume = {10},
	number = {4},
	doi = {10.1088/1752-7155/10/4/046007},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008205685&doi=10.1088%2f1752-7155%2f10%2f4%2f046007&partnerID=40&md5=5a9b09c92318d229929f8b977ca4470f},
	affiliations = {Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany; Department of General, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Berlin, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, ELK Berlin Chest Hospital, Berlin, Germany},
	abstract = {This paper outlines the design and performance of an observational study on the profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of 37 lung cancer patients and 23 healthy controls of similar age. The need to quantify each VOC considered as a potential disease marker on the basis of individual calibration is elaborated, and the quality control measures required to maintain reproducibility in breath sampling and subsequent instrumental trace VOC analysis using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry over a study period of 14 months are described. Twenty-four VOCs were quantified on the basis of their previously suggested potential as cancer markers. The concentration of aromatic compounds in the breath was increased, as expected, in smokers, while lung cancer patients displayed significantly increased levels of oxygenated VOCs such as aldehydes, 2-butanone and 1-butanol. Although sets of selected oxygenated VOCs displayed sensitivities and specificities between 80% and 90% using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with leave-one-out cross validation, the effective selectivity of the breath VOC approach with regard to cancer detection is clearly limited. Results are discussed against the background of the literature on volatile cancer marker investigations and the prospects of linking increased VOC levels in patients' breath with approaches that employ sniffer dogs. Experience from this study and the literature suggests that the currently available methodology is not able to use breath VOCs to reliably discriminate between cancer patients and healthy controls. Observational studies often tend to note significant differences in levels of certain oxygenated VOCs, but without the resolution required for practical application. Any step towards the exploitation of differences in VOC profiles for illness detection would have to solve current restrictions set by the low and variable VOC concentrations. Further challenges are the technical complexity of studies involving breath sampling and possibly the limited capability of current analytical procedures to detect unstable marker candidates. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
	author_keywords = {breath; cancer; gas chromatography; marker; solid phase microextraction; volatile organic compounds; volatilome},
	keywords = {Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Breath Tests; Calibration; Case-Control Studies; Cluster Analysis; Discriminant Analysis; Dogs; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Limit of Detection; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Microextraction; Volatile Organic Compounds; 2 butanone; 2 methylpentane; 2 pentanone; 3 methylpentane; acetone; aldehyde; aromatic compound; benzene; butanol; butyraldehyde; cyclohexane; dodecane; ethylbenzene; heptane; hexanal; hexane; isoprene; methylcyclopentane; n decanal; n heptanal; n octanal; n pentanal; n propylbenzene; nonanal; nonane; octane; pentane; propionaldehyde; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; volatile organic compound; volatile organic compound; adult; aged; Article; calibration; cancer patient; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; female; human; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; lung cancer; male; mass fragmentography; observational study; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; solid phase microextraction; animal; breath analysis; case control study; cluster analysis; discriminant analysis; dog; Lung Neoplasms; middle aged; procedures; quality control; reproducibility; very elderly},
	correspondence_address = {R. Becker; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany; email: roland.becker@bam.de},
	publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
	issn = {17527155},
	pmid = {27732569},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Breath Res.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 80}
}

@ARTICLE{Lisle2019682,
	author = {Lisle, Debbie and Bourne, Mike},
	title = {The many lives of border automation: Turbulence, coordination and care},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Social Studies of Science},
	volume = {49},
	number = {5},
	pages = {682 – 706},
	doi = {10.1177/0306312719870868},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073263553&doi=10.1177%2f0306312719870868&partnerID=40&md5=e473b5500a99d99775eea139b5813b17},
	affiliations = {School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Automated borders promise instantaneous, objective and accurate decisions that efficiently filter the growing mass of mobile people and goods into safe and dangerous categories. We critically interrogate that promise by looking closely at how UK and European border agents reconfigure automated borders through their sense-making activities and everyday working practices. We are not interested in rehearsing a pro- vs. anti-automation debate, but instead illustrate how both positions reproduce a powerful anthropocentrism that effaces the entanglements and coordinations between humans and nonhumans in border spaces. Drawing from fieldwork with customs officers, immigration officers and airport managers at a UK and a European airport, we illustrate how border agents navigate a turbulent ‘cycle’ of automation that continually overturns assumed hierarchies between humans and technology. The coordinated practices engendered by institutional culture, material infrastructures, drug loos and sniffer dogs cannot be captured by a reductive account of automated borders as simply confirming or denying a predetermined, data-driven in/out decision. © The Author(s) 2019.},
	author_keywords = {airports; automation; borders; coordination; entanglement},
	correspondence_address = {D. Lisle; School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom; email: D.Lisle@qub.ac.uk},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	issn = {03063127},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Soc. Stud. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Lancaster2017583,
	author = {Lancaster, Kari and Ritter, Alison and Hughes, Caitlin and Hoppe, Robert},
	title = {A critical examination of the introduction of drug detection dogs for policing of illicit drugs in New South Wales, Australia using Kingdon's 'multiple streams' heuristic},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Evidence and Policy},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	pages = {583 – 603},
	doi = {10.1332/174426416X14683497019265},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85036620722&doi=10.1332%2f174426416X14683497019265&partnerID=40&md5=e1c61194b69f62efd1ab1b76ef9979ce},
	affiliations = {University of New South Wales, Australia; University of Twente, Netherlands},
	abstract = {This paper critically analyses the introduction of drug detection dogs as a tool for policing of illicit drugs in New South Wales, Australia. Using Kingdon's 'multiple streams' heuristic as a lens for analysis, we identify how the issue of drugs policing became prominent on the policy agenda, and the conditions under which the alternative of drug detection dogs for illicit drugs policing came to be endorsed by decision makers. By applying Kingdon's heuristic, we also consider how this approach may be used to illuminate the limitations of the evidence-based policy paradigm in the context of policing policy. © Policy Press 2017.},
	author_keywords = {Drug detection dogs; Kingdon; Multiple streams; Policing},
	publisher = {Policy Press},
	issn = {17442648},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Evid. Policy},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 11; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Tarttelin Hernández202028464,
	author = {Tarttelin Hernández, Paula and Hailes, Stephen M. V. and Parkin, Ivan P.},
	title = {Cocaine by-product detection with metal oxide semiconductor sensor arrays},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {RSC Advances},
	volume = {10},
	number = {47},
	pages = {28464 – 28477},
	doi = {10.1039/d0ra03687k},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090359479&doi=10.1039%2fd0ra03687k&partnerID=40&md5=3a3c257a6c18e1f648e55f19f5dc52f2},
	affiliations = {Department of Health and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Whitefriars St, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University College of London, 66-72 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {A range of n-type and p-type metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors based on SnO2 and Cr2O3 materials have been modified with zeolites H-ZSM-5, Na-A and H-Y to create a gas sensor array able to successfully detect a cocaine by-product, methyl benzoate, which is commonly targeted by detection dogs. Exposure to vapours was carried out with eleven sensors. Upon data analysis, four of these that offered promising qualities for detection were subsequently selected to understand whether machine learning methods would enable successful and accurate classification of gases. The capability of discrimination of the four sensor array was assessed against nine different vapours of interest; methyl benzoate, ethane, ethanol, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, acetone, propane, butane, and toluene. When using the polykernel function (C = 200) in the Weka software-and just five seconds into the gas injection-the model was 94.1% accurate in successfully classifying the data. Although further work is necessary to bring the sensors to a standard of detection that is competitive with that of dogs, these results are very encouraging because they show the potential of metal oxide semiconductor sensors to rapidly detect a cocaine by-product in an inexpensive way. This journal is  © The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
	keywords = {Acetone; Ammonia; C (programming language); Chemical sensors; Chromium compounds; Dielectric devices; Gas detectors; Learning systems; Metals; MOS devices; Nitrogen oxides; Semiconducting tin compounds; Sodium compounds; Transistors; Zeolites; Further works; H-ZSM-5; Machine learning methods; Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors; Metal-oxide semiconductor sensors; Methyl benzoate; Nitrogen dioxides; Product detection; Oxide semiconductors},
	correspondence_address = {P. Tarttelin Hernández; Department of Health and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry, Whitefriars St, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom; email: ad0561@coventry.ac.uk},
	publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
	issn = {20462069},
	coden = {RSCAC},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {RSC Adv.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 6; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Ritter20181539,
	author = {Ritter, Alison and Hughes, Caitlin Elizabeth and Lancaster, Kari and Hoppe, Robert},
	title = {Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Multiple Streams policy theories to examine the role of evidence, research and other types of knowledge in drug policy},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Addiction},
	volume = {113},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1539 – 1547},
	doi = {10.1111/add.14197},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049860076&doi=10.1111%2fadd.14197&partnerID=40&md5=6cc9b7e655fb3da119b110d039616dfe},
	affiliations = {Drug Policy Modelling Program, NDARC, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; Department of Science, Technology and Policy Studies, University of Twente, Netherlands},
	abstract = {Background and aims: The prevailing ‘evidence-based policy’ paradigm emphasizes a technical–rational relationship between alcohol and drug research evidence and subsequent policy action. However, policy process theories do not start with this premise, and hence provide an opportunity to consider anew the ways in which evidence, research and other types of knowledge impact upon policy. This paper presents a case study, the police deployment of drug detection dogs, to highlight how two prominent policy theories [the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and the Multiple Streams (MS) approach] explicate the relationship between evidence and policy. Methods: The two theories were interrogated with reference to their descriptions and framings of evidence, research and other types of knowledge. The case study methodology was employed to extract data concerned with evidence and other types of knowledge from a previous detailed historical account and analysis of drug detection dogs in one Australian state (New South Wales). Different types of knowledge employed across the case study were identified and coded, and then analysed with reference to each theory. A detailed analysis of one key ‘evidence event’ within the case study was also undertaken. Results: Five types of knowledge were apparent in the case study: quantitative program data; practitioner knowledge; legal knowledge; academic research; and lay knowledge. The ACF highlights how these various types of knowledge are only influential inasmuch as they provide the opportunity to alter the beliefs of decision-makers. The MS highlights how multiple types of knowledge may or may not form part of the strategy of policy entrepreneurs to forge the confluence of problems, solutions and politics. Conclusions: Neither the Advocacy Coalition Framework nor the Multiple Streams approach presents an uncomplicated linear relationship between evidence and policy action, nor do they preference any one type of knowledge. The implications for research and practice include the contestation of evidence through beliefs (Advocacy Coalition Framework), the importance of venues for debate (Advocacy Coalition Framework), the way in which data and indicators are transformed into problem specification (Multiple Streams) and the importance of the policy (‘alternatives’) stream (Multiple Streams). © 2018 Society for the Study of Addiction},
	author_keywords = {Advocacy Coalition Framework; drug detection dogs; evidence-based policy; Multiple Streams; policing; policy process},
	keywords = {Drug and Narcotic Control; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Knowledge; Law Enforcement; New South Wales; Policy Making; Public Policy; Research; drug control; evidence based practice; human; knowledge; law enforcement; management; New South Wales; procedures; public policy; research},
	correspondence_address = {A. Ritter; Drug Policy Modelling Program, NDARC, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; email: alison.ritter@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	issn = {09652140},
	coden = {ADICE},
	pmid = {29664153},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Addiction},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 14; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Hart2018106,
	author = {Hart, Benjamin L. and Hart, Lynette A. and Thigpen, Abigail P. and Tran, Alisha and Bain, Melissa J.},
	title = {The paradox of canine conspecific coprophagy},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Veterinary Medicine and Science},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2},
	pages = {106 – 114},
	doi = {10.1002/vms3.92},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048035527&doi=10.1002%2fvms3.92&partnerID=40&md5=ddc9dc7c7ecb45cdb8614055649e3902},
	affiliations = {Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, United States; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, United States; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, United States},
	abstract = {Canine conspecific coprophagy, the tendency or predisposition of some dogs to eat their own faeces or those of other dogs, seems paradoxical because dogs typically show an aversion to conspecific faeces. In an attempt to resolve this paradox, we set out to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of this behaviour and to evaluate the efficacy of 11 products marketed for treating coprophagy as well as behaviour modification procedures. Because a large sample of dogs was needed to address these issues, two web-based surveys were utilized. One, intended to compare coprophagic dogs and non-coprophagic dogs, yielded 1552 returns. The other, yielding 1475 usable returns, specifically recruited owners of coprophagic dogs to gather information about the characteristics of coprophagy and treatment success. The findings revealed that 16% of dogs sampled engaged in frequent conspecific coprophagy, defined as having been seen eating stools at least six times. No evidence was found relating the coprophagy to diet or the dog’s age. Coprophagic dogs were as easily house trained as non-coprophagic dogs, suggesting a normal aversion to faeces. Coprophagic dogs were more likely to be reported as greedy eaters than non-coprophagic dogs. The reported success rate of the commercial products and behaviour modification approaches was close to zero, indicating that the behaviour is not readily changed. The coprophagy was overwhelmingly directed at fresh stools, defined as being no more than 2 days old. A hypothesis is offered that coprophagy reflects a tendency inherited from the ancestral wolf to keep the den area free of faecal-borne intestinal parasites that might be deposited in the den resting area and would typically have parasite ova that are not initially infective, but could develop infective larvae after 2 days. An evolved parasite defence strategy to consume fresh faeces in the rest area would be adaptive. © 2017 The Authors.},
	author_keywords = {Canine; Coprophagy; Dogs; Faeces eating; Stool eating},
	keywords = {Animals; Coprophagia; Dogs; Female; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; animal; coprophagy; dog; drug effect; female; intestine infection; male; parasitology; physiology; veterinary medicine},
	correspondence_address = {B.L. Hart; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 95616, United States; email: blhart@ucdavis.edu},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	issn = {20531095},
	pmid = {29851313},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Med. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 21; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Bonfanti2014791,
	author = {Bonfanti, Matteo E.},
	title = {From Sniffer Dogs to Emerging Sniffer Devices for Airport Security: An Opportunity to Rethink Privacy Implications?},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {Science and Engineering Ethics},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	pages = {791 – 807},
	doi = {10.1007/s11948-014-9528-x},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905031753&doi=10.1007%2fs11948-014-9528-x&partnerID=40&md5=9b2f20f4946a098ad254d9538aad3702},
	affiliations = {Institute of Law, Politics and Development, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy},
	abstract = {Dogs are known for their incredible ability to detect odours, extracting them from a "complex" environment and recognising them. This makes sniffer dogs precious assets in a broad variety of security applications. However, their use is subject to some intrinsic restrictions. Dogs can only be trained to a limited set of applications, get tired after a relatively short period, and thus require a high turnover. This has sparked a drive over the past decade to develop artificial sniffer devices-generally known as "chemical sniffers" or "electronic noses"-able to complement and possibly replace dogs for some security applications. Such devices have been already deployed, or are intended to be deployed, at borders, airports and other critical installation security checkpoints. Similarly to dogs, they are adopted for detecting residual traces that indicate either the presence of, or recent contact with, substances like drugs and explosives. It goes without saying that, as with sniffer dogs, the use of artificial sniffer devices raises many sensitive issues. Adopting an ethical and legal perspective, the present paper discusses the privacy and data protection implications of the possible deployment of a hand-held body scanning sniffer for screening passengers at EU airport security checkpoints. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.},
	author_keywords = {Airport security; EU; Olfactory surveillance; Privacy; Sniffer dogs; Sniffer technologies},
	keywords = {Airports; Animals; Crime; Dogs; Electronic Nose; European Union; Explosive Agents; Humans; Privacy; Street Drugs; Technology; explosive; street drug; airport; animal; crime; dog; electronic nose; ethics; European Union; human; legislation and jurisprudence; privacy; technology},
	correspondence_address = {M. E. Bonfanti; Institute of Law, Politics and Development, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; email: m.bonfanti@sssup.it},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	issn = {13533452},
	pmid = {24519533},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Sci. Eng. Ethics},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 8}
}

@ARTICLE{Jenkins2016906,
	author = {Jenkins, Eileen K. and Lee-Fowler, Tekla M. and Craigangle, T. and Behrend, Ellen N. and Moore, George E.},
	title = {Effects of oral administration of metronidazole and doxycycline on olfactory capabilities of explosives detection dogs},
	year = {2016},
	journal = {American Journal of Veterinary Research},
	volume = {77},
	number = {8},
	pages = {906 – 912},
	doi = {10.2460/ajvr.77.8.906},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979698333&doi=10.2460%2fajvr.77.8.906&partnerID=40&md5=f5b7ad7b29663d11ecea1e13cfd4310e},
	affiliations = {Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, 36489, AL, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, 36489, AL, United States; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, United States; 248th Medical Detachment (Veterinary Service Support), Fort Bragg, 28310, NC, United States},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE To determine effects of oral administration of metronidazole or doxycycline on olfactory function in explosives detection (ED) dogs. ANIMALS 18 ED dogs. PROCEDURES Metronidazole was administered (25 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 10 days); the day prior to drug administration was designated day 0. Odor detection threshold was measured with a standard scent wheel and 3 explosives (ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and smokeless powder; weight, 1 to 500 mg) on days 0, 5, and 10. Lowest repeatable weight detected was recorded as the detection threshold. There was a 10-day washout period, and doxycycline was administered (5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 10 days) and the testing protocol repeated. Degradation changes in the detection threshold for dogs were assessed. RESULTS Metronidazole administration resulted in degradation of the detection threshold for 2 of 3 explosives (ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene). Nine of 18 dogs had a degradation of performance in response to 1 or more explosives (5 dogs had degradation on day 5 or 10 and 4 dogs had degradation on both days 5 and 10). There was no significant degradation during doxycycline administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Degradation in the ability to detect odors of explosives during metronidazole administration at 25 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours, indicated a potential risk for use of this drug in ED dogs. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether lower doses would have the same effect. Doxycycline administered at the tested dose appeared to be safe for use in ED dogs. © 2016, American Veterinary Medical Association. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Dogs; Doxycycline; Explosive Agents; Female; Male; Metronidazole; Odorants; Olfactory Nerve; ammonium nitrate; doxycycline; explosive; metronidazole; trinitrotoluene; antiinfective agent; doxycycline; fragrance; metronidazole; adult; animal experiment; Article; controlled study; degradation; detection dog; detection threshold; explosive detection; false positive result; female; hyposmia; male; nonhuman; odor; olfactory test kit; perceptive threshold; performance; scent wheel; smelling; training; animal; chemistry; dog; drug effects; olfactory nerve; oral drug administration; randomized controlled trial},
	correspondence_address = {T.M. Lee-Fowler; Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, 36489, United States; email: tml0005@auburn.edu},
	publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
	issn = {00029645},
	coden = {AJVRA},
	pmid = {27463556},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Am. J. Vet. Res.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 19}
}

@ARTICLE{de Lima2022,
	author = {de Lima, Alex Moreira and Moreira, Rodrigo Mencalha and Gomes, Marcelo Salvador and Ramos, Marcia Torres and dos Santos-Sousa, Carlos Augusto and Souza-Júnior, Paulo and Abidu-Figueiredo, Marcelo},
	title = {Echocardiographic evaluation of working dogs of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro: effects of the breed and body weight; [Avaliação ecocardiográfica de cães de trabalho da Polícia Militar do Rio de Janeiro: efeitos da raça e peso corporal]},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria},
	volume = {44},
	doi = {10.29374/2527-2179.BJVM00132},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135756455&doi=10.29374%2f2527-2179.BJVM00132&partnerID=40&md5=bddecc9c76c093f2bf6383bc55667975},
	affiliations = {Veterinarian, MSc. Autonomous, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Veterinarian, DSc. Autonomous, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Veterinarian, DSc. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estácio de Sá (UNESA), Campus, RJ, Niterói, Brazil; Veterinarian, DSc. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Campus Rio Branco, AC, Brazil; Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Anatomia Animal e Humana, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Campus Seropédica, RJ, Brazil},
	abstract = {The Military Police of Rio de Janeiro state use dogs as a decisive tool for patrol and detection of drugs, weapons, and explosives. Complementary tests, such as echocardiography, are essential to maintain the integrity of these animals. This study aimed to evaluate the echocardiographic parameters of the working dogs belonging to the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro and compare them with the available data. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed on 48 healthy adult dogs from the Canine Action Battalion of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample consisted of 13 Labrador Retrievers, 12 Malinois Belgian Shepherds, 10 German Shepherds, 8 Dobermann Pinschers, and 5 Dutch Shepherds. Echocardiographic variables were correlated with body weight (BW). A positive correlation (P=0.0142, r=0.6837) between BW and the diameter of the left atrium was found in Malinois Belgian Shepherds. In German Shepherds, a positive correlation between BW and the internal diameter of the right ventricle during diastole (P=0.0320, r=0.6757) was observed; in addition, a positive correlation between BW and left ventricular internal diameter (P=0.0344, r=0.6689) during diastole was also found. Echocardiographic evaluations of these working dogs differed slightly from those previously established for similar-sized dog breeds. © Lima et al.},
	author_keywords = {cardiac ultrasound; echocardiogram; heart; patrol dogs},
	keywords = {adult; animal experiment; aortic root; army; Article; body weight; Brazil; chest circumference; color Doppler echocardiography; detection dog; diastole; dog; dog breed; echocardiography; electrocardiography; fractional shortening; heart auscultation; heart left atrium; heart left ventricle; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; heart left ventricle enddiastolic diameter; heart left ventricle endsystolic diameter; heart left ventricle mass; heart right ventricle; nonhuman; police; training; working dog},
	correspondence_address = {P. Souza-Júnior; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Rodovia BR 472, Km 585, Campus Uruguaiana CEP, RS, 97501-970, Brazil; email: paulosouza@unipampa.edu.br},
	publisher = {Society of Veterinary Medicine of the State of Rio de Janeiro},
	issn = {01002430},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Rev. Bras. Med. Vet.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Slaughter2016279,
	author = {Slaughter, Matthew},
	title = {Supreme court's treatment of drug detection dogs doesn't pass the sniff test},
	year = {2016},
	journal = {New Criminal Law Review},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	pages = {279 – 311},
	doi = {10.1525/nclr.2016.19.2.279},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84989829684&doi=10.1525%2fnclr.2016.19.2.279&partnerID=40&md5=cec182aefe60f36c3f221e3829cf96a0},
	affiliations = {United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, United States},
	abstract = {The current Supreme Court approach to the nuances involved in drug detection dogs is fundamentally flawed. The Supreme Court has allowed, on the evidentiary front, the introduction of unscientific evidence into law enforcement practices, which allows officers to disregard traditional Fourth Amendment protections. As Justice Souter stated in Illinois v. Cabellas, "[T]he sniff alert does not necessarily signal hidden contraband, and opening the container or enclosed space whose emanations the dog has sensed will not necessarily reveal contraband or any other evidence of crime." The Courts classification of drug detection dogs in Caballes as sui generis is unsubstantiated. The Court in Caballes also determined that a dog sniff alone was sufficient to establish probable cause for a physical search inside a vehicle. The Court should revise this treatment and consider alternative proposals. Additionally the Court's reliance in Florida v. Harris on blanket terms such as "bona fide organization" and "training program" illustrates the Justices' incomprehension of the complexities involved in such a process. Finally, the Court in Harris inappropriately dismissed the very real financial incentive law enforcement has to maintain detection dogs that over-alert. © 2016 bythe Regents of the Universityof California.All righ.},
	author_keywords = {Constitutional law; Criminal law; Drug detection dogs},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	issn = {19334192},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {New Crim. Law Rev.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Gibbs2023555,
	author = {Gibbs, Daisy and Peacock, Amy and Hughes, Caitlin and Grigg, Jodie and Chandrasena, Udesha and Sutherland, Rachel},
	title = {Encounters with police drug detection dogs at music festivals amongst people who regularly use ecstasy and/or other illicit stimulants in Australia},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Drug and Alcohol Review},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	pages = {555 – 560},
	doi = {10.1111/dar.13601},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147175230&doi=10.1111%2fdar.13601&partnerID=40&md5=68c1188999f9cdc4bffe699d9c556b6b},
	affiliations = {National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; College of Business, Government, and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia},
	abstract = {Introduction: Despite increasing evidence challenging the effectiveness and legality of police drug dog operations, these strategies remain common. We aimed to describe drug dog encounters at music festivals, behavioural adaptations taken in anticipation of their presence and consequences of encounters amongst a sample of people who regularly use MDMA/ecstasy. Methods: Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires in April–June 2019. Australians aged 16 years or older who used MDMA/ecstasy and/or other stimulants monthly in the last 6 months were recruited from capital cities via social media and word-of-mouth (n = 797). Participants reported recent drug dog encounters, encounter settings and actions taken in anticipation of and in response to encounters. Results: In this sample, encounters with drug dogs at festivals were common (60%), with most participants (92%) reporting anticipating the encounter. Most (86%) of this group reported behavioural adaptations to avoid a detection, with concealing drugs well (57%) and consuming prior to entering the festival (20%) most reported. Only 4% of those who expected drug dog presence chose not to carry or consume drugs. One-quarter (26%) of those who reported an encounter were stopped by police and 4% were searched (bodily/bag search). Discussion and Conclusion: Most participants anticipated drug dog presence at festivals, however, were not deterred from carrying or consuming drugs. Some reported adaptations to avoid detection may increase drug-related health, social and legal harms. Our study suggests drug dog presence at festivals does not deter carriage/use of illegal drugs, and echoes concerns regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of this policing initiative. © 2023 The Authors. Drug and Alcohol Review published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.},
	author_keywords = {drug detection dogs; festivals; harm reduction; police},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dogs; Holidays; Humans; Music; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Police; Substance-Related Disorders; Working Dogs; central stimulant agent; midomafetamine; animal; Australia; dog; drug dependence; epidemiology; human; leisure; music; police},
	correspondence_address = {D. Gibbs; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, 22-32 King Street, 2052, Australia; email: daisy.gibbs@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},
	issn = {09595236},
	pmid = {36692962},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Drug Alcohol Rev.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 3; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{McEvedy2018408,
	author = {McEvedy, Samantha M. and Furness, Trentham and McKenna, Brian},
	title = {Introduction of a drug-detection dog programme in mental health inpatient units: A mixed-methods study of consumer, staff, and carers' perceptions},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {International Journal of Mental Health Nursing},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	pages = {408 – 421},
	doi = {10.1111/inm.12335},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020231339&doi=10.1111%2finm.12335&partnerID=40&md5=fb9ac32784cbee97b22d4a318d54f171},
	affiliations = {School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand},
	abstract = {Many consumers admitted to mental health inpatient units also use illicit drugs, and some continue to do so while receiving treatment. In an attempt to curb the impact of illicit drug use, one of Australia's largest mental health services introduced a programme of drug-detection dog (DDD) searches. Our aim was to evaluate perceptions of the DDD programme among mental health consumers, staff, and carers. A mixed-methods research design using a concurrent triangulation approach was adopted, involving three focus group discussions with consumer, staff, and carer groups, and a structured survey among 94 consumers who were receiving treatment and 102 staff working in the units at the time of a DDD visit. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics. Major themes were that: (i) drug use in these units is perceived as ‘prevalent’ and ‘destructive’; (ii) the DDD programme is ‘beneficial’ but ‘incongruous’ in a health-care setting; (iii) consumers are ‘uninformed’; and (iv) consequences should be ‘customized’ to circumstances. Survey results corroborated qualitative themes, with the exception that although concerns about incongruity do exist, they were not prevalent and were outweighed by positive perceptions of the programme. Most perceptions were consistent between consumers and staff. However, consumers tended to think that, if found, drugs should be confiscated, whereas staff were more strongly in favour of the consumer being discharged. In conclusion, the DDD programme was seen as a positive step towards addressing drug use in mental health units. However, improved dissemination of information to consumers through verbal and written communication is required. © 2017 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.},
	author_keywords = {drug-detection dog; illicit drug use; inpatient; mental health; nursing},
	keywords = {Animals; Attitude of Health Personnel; Attitude to Health; Caregivers; Dogs; Focus Groups; Inpatients; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; animal; attitude to health; caregiver; complication; dog; drug dependence; health personnel attitude; hospital patient; information processing; mental disease; psychiatric department; psychology; questionnaire},
	correspondence_address = {S.M. McEvedy; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; email: s.mcevedy@latrobe.edu.au},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
	issn = {14458330},
	pmid = {28589658},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2}
}

@ARTICLE{Sokolenko202071,
	author = {Sokolenko, L.V. and Sokolenko, T.M. and Yagupolskii, Yu.L. and Kalchenko, V.I. and Veresenko, Yu.V. and Nenia, O.V. and Kuchynskyi, Yu.D. and Smernytskyi, D.V. and Skorobagatko, O.V. and Skorobagatko, M.A. and Kolomiiets, S.I.},
	title = {narcotic DrUg Smell mimicS for Dog training at cynological DepartmentS: compoSition, principle of action and legal framework of their USe},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Science and Innovation},
	volume = {16},
	number = {5},
	pages = {71 – 78},
	doi = {10.15407/scine16.05.071},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099446952&doi=10.15407%2fscine16.05.071&partnerID=40&md5=5fe912607c151bddada85fd0b3c5ed4b},
	affiliations = {Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 5, Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine; State Research Institute of the MIA of Ukraine, 4a, Y. Gutsalo Lane, Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine; K9 Unit of the National Police of Ukraine, 10, Аcademica Bogomolca St., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine},
	abstract = {Introduction. Involvement of cynological departments to narcotics identification is widely used due to high sensitivity of canine olfaction. Problem Statement. Currently, cynological departments of the MIA of Ukraine can use the samples of original narcotics in detector dogs learning and training for the purpose of developing or maintaining of the corresponding skill. However, narcotics are the substances under control; therefore, special normative procedures for their obtaining, usage, storage, and utilization exist. This order greatly complicates dogs training. The use of original narcotics is reasonable in special cynological schools during basic learning of detector dogs. Further training in departments is oriented to maintain skills and, as a rule, is carried out using pseudo narcotic scents, which does not contain original narcotics and does not possess narcotic activity. Majority of such pseudo narcotic scents is of foreign production and are expensive. This fact does not allow to provide with training aids all the cynological departments of the MIA of Ukraine. Moreover, these pseudo narcotic scents are of limited range. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop domestic pseudo narcotic scents with extended range, which would not possess narcotic activity, but have similar odor properties like original narcotics and are cheaper in comparison to foreign counterparts. Materials and Methods. Pseudo narcotic scents of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, opium, and poppy straw were developed. These training aids consist of inert carrying agent and volatile organic impurities from narcotics. These training aids were tested with involvement of 12 detector dogs of the cynological departments of the National Policy of Ukraine and State border service of Ukraine. Results. Pseudo narcotic canine training aids for cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, opium, and poppy straw were created and tested with detector dogs. It was shown that odorological profile of pseudo scents agreed with original narcotics. Conclusions. Pseudo narcotic scents which are perspective for introduction into production and further usage as canine training aids in cynological departments have been established. © 2020 Normas. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Cocaine; Heroin; Marijuana; Methamphetamine; Opium; Poppy straw; Pseudo narcotic scents},
	publisher = {Publishing House Akademperiodyka},
	issn = {24099066},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Sci. Inno.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Alves2021599,
	author = {Alves, João Carlos Agostinho and Santos, Ana Margarida Moniz Pereira dos and Jorge, Patrícia Isabel Figueiredo and Lavrador, Catarina Falcão Trigoso Vieira Branco and Carreira, Luis Miguel Alves},
	title = {Management of Osteoarthritis Using 1 Intra-articular Platelet Concentrate Administration in a Canine Osteoarthritis Model},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
	volume = {49},
	number = {3},
	pages = {599 – 608},
	doi = {10.1177/0363546520981558},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099317134&doi=10.1177%2f0363546520981558&partnerID=40&md5=5220911b714db549575b475ba18c5453},
	affiliations = {Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal; Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre, Barreiro, Portugal},
	abstract = {Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a significant burden to societies, as it affects quality of life and performance and implies a large cost in terms of health care. Autologous platelets are a regenerative treatment modality for OA that are thought to be a potential stimulation of the natural healing cascade. Purpose: To describe the effect of the platelet concentrate V-PET in the management of OA in a naturally occurring canine model, using several outcome assessment modalities. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 40 joints of active working police dogs with hip OA were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and a platelet concentrate group (PCG; treatment) and evaluated. At treatment day (T0) and 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days after treatment, weight distribution, joint range of motion at flexion and extension, thigh girth, digital thermography, radiographic signs, 4 clinical metrology instruments, and synovial fluid interleukin 1 and C-reactive protein levels were recorded. Results were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Huynh-Feldt correction, paired-samples t test, or Wilcoxon signed rank test, with P <.05. Results: Dogs were 6.5 ± 2.4 years old (mean ± SD) and had a body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. At T0, 32 (80%) joints were graded as having mild OA, 6 (15%) as moderate, and 2 (5%) as severe. No differences were found between groups at T0. Between the PCG and CG, the symmetry index showed significant improvements in the PCG from 8 days (P =.01) to 180 days (P =.01). Joint flexion also improved in the PCG up to 90 days (P <.05) and extension improved up to 180 days (P <.01). Several clinical metrology instrument scores also improved up to 90 to 180 days after treatment. In the CG, radiographic signs progressed, while the PCG showed some improved signs. In both groups, increasing body weight and age corresponded with worse clinical and laboratory findings. Conclusion: A single injection of platelet concentrate had a positive effect, lasting up to 6 months, on several clinical, imaging, and laboratory signs in a naturally occurring canine OA model. Clinical Relevance: We characterized the effects of this platelet concentrate in dogs, considered the gold standard of the study of OA, with a group of working animals with similar high demands as athletes. © 2021 The Author(s).},
	author_keywords = {animal model; autologous platelet concentrate; C-reactive protein; clinical metrology instruments; digital radiography; digital thermography; dog; interleukin 1; osteoarthritis; pain; stance analysis},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Injections, Intra-Articular; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Quality of Life; Range of Motion, Articular; Synovial Fluid; animal; dog; hip osteoarthritis; intraarticular drug administration; joint characteristics and functions; quality of life; synovial fluid},
	correspondence_address = {J.C.A. Alves; Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal; email: alves.jca@gnr.pt; J.C.A. Alves; Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal; email: alves.jca@gnr.pt},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	issn = {03635465},
	coden = {AJSMD},
	pmid = {33428459},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Am. J. Sports Med.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 8}
}

@ARTICLE{Ungar202413,
	author = {Ungar, Patricia J. and Pellin, MacKenzie A. and Malone, Laurie A.},
	title = {A One Health perspective: COVID-sniffing dogs can be effective and efficient as public health guardians},
	year = {2024},
	journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
	volume = {262},
	number = {1},
	pages = {13 – 16},
	doi = {10.2460/javma.23.10.0550},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180013514&doi=10.2460%2fjavma.23.10.0550&partnerID=40&md5=956a33d2fb95ecf399c77839e6e72f5c},
	affiliations = {Kensington Veterinary Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States; Scent Solution Dogs, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States},
	abstract = {Scent-detection dogs have been used for decades to locate drugs, explosives, toxic waste, and more. Scent dogs have been trained to alert for seizures and hypoglycemia, locate cadavers, and screen for viruses, bacterial infections, and numerous cancers. These capable dogs warrant a more significant role in public health protection. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine whether dogs could be trained to accurately identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in humans. In previously published studies, dogs were trained to identify the scent of COVID-19 in inert samples with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, 2 dogs were trained to identify the scent in live individuals (vs inert samples, as used in previous studies), a faster and more efficient screening method. These dogs tested out at 94% to 96% positive and negative agreement compared to PCR testing. These results recommend the use of scent dogs for public health applications and warrant investigation for other applications beyond COVID-19. This study is included as part of the Currents in One Health series. A partner article by Pellin et al, AJVR, January 2024, describes and evaluates the current research on the utilization of trained scent-detection dogs for the detection of disease within human and veterinary patients. © 2024 American Veterinary Medical Association. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {COVID-19; public health dogs; SARS-CoV-2; scent dogs; sniffer dogs},
	keywords = {Animals; COVID-19; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; One Health; Public Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smell; Article; coronavirus disease 2019; detection dog; diagnostic test accuracy study; dog; female; male; nonhuman; pilot study; polymerase chain reaction; public health; screening; sensitivity and specificity; service dog; sniffing; animal; dog disease; human; odor; One Health; public health; veterinary medicine},
	correspondence_address = {P.J. Ungar; Kensington Veterinary Hospital, San Diego, United States; email: pungardvm@gmail.com},
	publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
	issn = {00031488},
	coden = {JAVMA},
	pmid = {37976674},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Isaiah2017,
	author = {Isaiah, Anitha and Hoffmann, Aline Rodrigues and Kelley, Russ and Mundell, Paul and Steiner, Jörg M. and Suchodolski, Jan S.},
	title = {Characterization of the nasal and oral microbiota of detection dogs},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	number = {9},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0184899},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029709710&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0184899&partnerID=40&md5=616a8cbe93501844c3d8487fcb699ffd},
	affiliations = {Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States; Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States; Waynesville, OH, United States; Canine Companions for Independence, Santa Rosa, CA, United States},
	abstract = {Little is known about physiological factors that affect the sense of olfaction in dogs. The objectives of this study were to describe the canine nasal and oral microbiota in detection dogs. We sought to determine the bacterial composition of the nasal and oral microbiota of a diverse population of detection canines. Nasal and oral swabs were collected from healthy dogs (n = 81) from four locations—Alabama, Georgia, California, and Texas. Nasal and oral swabs were also collected from a second cohort of detection canines belonging to three different detection job categories: explosive detection dogs (SP-E; n = 22), patrol and narcotics detection dogs (P-NDD; n = 15), and vapor wake dogs (VWD-E; n = 9). To understand if the nasal and oral microbiota of detection canines were variable, sample collection was repeated after 7 weeks in a subset of dogs. DNA was extracted from the swabs and used for 454-pyrosequencing of the16S rRNA genes. Nasal samples had a significantly lower diversity than oral samples (P<0.01). Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were higher in nasal samples, while Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Tenericutes were higher in oral samples. Bacterial diversity was not significantly different based on the detection job. No significant difference in beta diversity was observed in the nasal samples based on the detection job. In oral samples, however, ANOSIM suggested a significant difference in bacterial communities based on job category albeit with a small effect size (R = 0.1079, P = 0.02). Analysis of the composition of bacterial communities using LEfSe showed that within the nasal samples, Cardiobacterium and Riemerella were higher in VWD-E dogs, and Sphingobacterium was higher in the P-NDD group. In the oral samples Enterococcus and Capnocytophaga were higher in the P-NDD group. Gemella and Aggregatibacter were higher in S-PE, and Pigmentiphaga, Chryseobacterium, Parabacteroides amongst others were higher within the VWD-E group. Our initial data also shows that there is a temporal variation in alpha diversity in nasal samples in detection canines. © 2017 Isaiah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
	keywords = {Animals; Biodiversity; Cohort Studies; Discriminant Analysis; Dogs; Drug and Narcotic Control; Explosive Agents; Female; Linear Models; Male; Microbiota; Military Personnel; Mouth; Nose; Pets; Police; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Smell; Time Factors; RNA 16S; bacterial RNA; explosive; RNA 16S; Actinobacteria; Aggregatibacter; Article; bacterium detection; Bacteroidetes; California; Capnocytophaga; Cardiobacterium; Chryseobacterium; dog; Enterococcus; Firmicutes; Fusobacteria; Gemella; genus; geographic distribution; microbial community; microflora; Mollicutes; Moraxella; mouth flora; nasal flora; nonhuman; Parabacteroides; Pasteurella; phylum; population abundance; Proteobacteria; pyrosequencing; Riemerella; sequence analysis; species distribution; species diversity; Sphingobacterium; Tannerella; animal; biodiversity; clinical trial; cohort analysis; discriminant analysis; drug control; female; genetics; male; microbiology; mouth; multicenter study; nose; odor; pet animal; police; soldier; statistical model; time factor},
	correspondence_address = {J.S. Suchodolski; Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, United States; email: jsuchodolski@cvm.tamu.edu},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	issn = {19326203},
	coden = {POLNC},
	pmid = {28934260},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLoS ONE},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 33; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Allukian2017506,
	author = {Allukian, Alison R. and Abelson, Amanda L. and Babyak, Jonathan and Rozanski, Elizabeth A.},
	title = {Comparison of time to obtain intraosseous versus jugular venous catheterization on canine cadavers},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care},
	volume = {27},
	number = {5},
	pages = {506 – 511},
	doi = {10.1111/vec.12633},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028749468&doi=10.1111%2fvec.12633&partnerID=40&md5=f9d205d192b4c8dbde851ed8bcdb8f88},
	affiliations = {Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, 01516, MA, United States},
	abstract = {Objective: To compare the time required and the success rate of personnel with 4 different levels of experience to place a humeral intraosseous (IO) catheter versus a jugular venous catheter (IV) in cadaver dogs. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Veterinary university teaching hospital. Interventions: Canine cadavers from recently euthanized dogs were obtained from the cadaver donation program between May and December 2014. Catheter placers (CPs) with varying clinical experience, including a first year emergency and critical care resident, a senior emergency veterinary technician (VTS certified), a final year veterinary student, and an ACVECC diplomate, participated in the study. Each CP catheterized a total of 6 dogs so that there was a total of 6 IO and 6 IV catheters placed, by automatic rotary insertion device (with an EZ-IO gun) and vascular cut-down technique, respectively, for each CP. Time for IO catheterization and IV catheterization was recorded and compared. The success of IO catheterization and IV catheterization was verified by visualization of an injection of iodinated contrast material under fluoroscopy within the medullary cavity or vessel. Animals: Twenty-four canine cadavers. Measurements and Main Results: Outcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The median time for all IO catheterization operators was faster at 55.4 seconds (range 15.0–153.0 s) compared to the median time for all IV catherization operators at 217.3 seconds (range 55.6–614 s). The success rate for IO and IV was equal at 87.5%. Conclusion: IO catheterization using an automatic rotary insertion device was performed more rapidly and successfully than jugular venous catheterization using a cut-down technique in canine cadaver. These findings suggest IO catheterization may be more efficient for gaining vascular access in the appropriate emergency clinical situations when preexisting IV access does not exist. © Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2017},
	author_keywords = {dogs; emergency vascular access; IO; resuscitation},
	keywords = {Animals; Cadaver; Catheterization, Central Venous; Dogs; Emergencies; Humans; Infusions, Intraosseous; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; heparin; iohexol; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; detection dog; emergency care; fluoroscopy; intraosseous catheter; intravenous catheter; jugular venous catheter; nonhuman; operation duration; outcome assessment; personal experience; scoring system; superior cava vein; vascular access; vein catheterization; veterinary clinic; anatomy and histology; animal; cadaver; central venous catheterization; comparative study; dog; emergency; human; intraosseous drug administration; procedures; prospective study; time factor; veterinary},
	correspondence_address = {A.L. Abelson; Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, 01516, United States; email: amanda.abelson@tufts.edu},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	issn = {14793261},
	pmid = {28796429},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12}
}

@ARTICLE{Tokarczyk2023e23,
	author = {Tokarczyk, Bogdan and Suchan, Marta and Adamowicz, Piotr},
	title = {New Synthetic Cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA-Related Death of a Police Dog},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Journal of analytical toxicology},
	volume = {47},
	number = {2},
	pages = {e23 – e28},
	doi = {10.1093/jat/bkac097},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150751798&doi=10.1093%2fjat%2fbkac097&partnerID=40&md5=03455660894f441e4d67f60204bd60d8},
	affiliations = {Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, Krakow, 31-033, Poland},
	abstract = {The popularity of synthetic cannabinoids puts police sniffer dogs at risk of accidental introduction of such substances into the body. The extreme efficacy and potency of many new synthetic cannabinoids are associated with a high risk of serious poisonings and even deaths. The paper presents the toxicological findings in an intoxication of a police dog, in which a new synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA was detected and quantified in postmortem materials. The screening analyses were performed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and liquid chromatography--quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). LC-MS-MS was also used for quantitative analyses, while LC-QTOF-MS for metabolite identification. Due to unusual matrices, the standard addition method was used for the quantitative determination of ADB-BUTINACA. The determined concentrations of ADB-BUTINACA in blood, lung, stomach, liver and kidney were 8.1 ng/mL, 6.4 ng/g, 1.5 ng/g, 1.8 ng/g and 0.4 ng/g, respectively. Apart from ADB-BUTINACA, the monohydroxylated metabolites and the dihydrodiol metabolite were detected and identified in all analyzed materials, and moreover the product of N-debutylation was found in blood and liver. The described case presents the identification and quantitation of a new synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA in postmortem dog specimens. Although the cause of death was acute gastric dilatation, it cannot be ruled out that this process was the result of synthetic cannabinoid inhalation. Due to dogs' sensitivity to cannabinoids, ADB-BUTINACA poisoning cannot be excluded either. The described case suggests that ADB-BUTINACA elicits serious adverse effects in dogs. The article also indicates the dangers to which police dogs coming into contact with extremely potent drugs may be exposed. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.},
	keywords = {Animals; Cannabinoids; Dogs; Kidney; Mass Spectrometry; Stomach; Working Dogs; cannabinoid; animal; chemistry; dog; kidney; mass spectrometry; stomach},
	publisher = {NLM (Medline)},
	issn = {19452403},
	pmid = {36472351},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J Anal Toxicol},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Jantorno20201,
	author = {Jantorno, Gustavo Machado and Xavier, Carlos Henrique and Melo, Cristiano Barros de},
	title = {Narcotic detection dogs: An overview of high-performance animals; [Cães de detecção de narcóticos: Uma visão geral dos animais de alto desempenho]},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Ciencia Rural},
	volume = {50},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1 – 8},
	doi = {10.1590/0103-8478cr20191010},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090653024&doi=10.1590%2f0103-8478cr20191010&partnerID=40&md5=305315715960e3722a6045857b8ac799},
	affiliations = {Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, 70910-970, DF, Brazil; Centro de Cães de Detecção (CNK9), Aduana do Brasil, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Chefia do Centro de Cães de Detecção (CNK9), Aduana do Brasil, Vitória, ES, Brazil},
	abstract = {Considered one of the best odor detectors, dogs go through a rigorous selection and training process. Based on learning theories, modern techniques are used for dog training, respecting individual characteristics, efficiency, and well-being. Since narcotics detection work is perceived as a “play” for the dog, in practice, this promotes a high use rate in the service. The performance of handlers influences the work of the dogs, and well-trained and well-run dogs must work comfortably and accurately. This paper aimed to review the aspects related to the selection, training, and performance of narcotics detection dogs. © 2020, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Animal behavior; Drug detection; Ethology; Narcotics; Working dog},
	correspondence_address = {C.B. Melo; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil; email: cristianomelo@unb.br},
	publisher = {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria},
	issn = {01038478},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Cienc. Rural},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 5; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer-Tenhagen2017435,
	author = {Fischer-Tenhagen, Carola and Johnen, Dorothea and Heuwieser, Wolfgang and Becker, Roland and Schallschmidt, Kristin and Nehls, Irene},
	title = {Odor perception by dogs: Evaluating two training approaches for odor learning of sniffer dogs},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Chemical Senses},
	volume = {42},
	number = {5},
	pages = {435 – 441},
	doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjx020},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021842652&doi=10.1093%2fchemse%2fbjx020&partnerID=40&md5=3dce5cdad6e3bfd671270630a8ee6310},
	affiliations = {Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, 14853, NY, United States; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany},
	abstract = {In this study, a standardized experimental set-up with various combinations of herbs as odor sources was designed. Two training approaches for sniffer dogs were compared; first, training with a pure reference odor, and second, training with a variety of odor mixtures with the target odor as a common denominator. The ability of the dogs to identify the target odor in a new context was tested. Six different herbs (basil, St. John's wort, dandelion, marjoram, parsley, ribwort) were chosen to produce reference materials in various mixtures with (positive) and without (negative) chamomile as the target odor source. The dogs were trained to show 1 of 2 different behaviors, 1 for the positive, and 1 for the negative sample as a yes/no task. Tests were double blind with one sample presented at a time. In both training approaches, dogs were able to detect chamomile as the target odor in any presented mixture with an average sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 84%. Dogs trained with odor mixture containing the target odor had more correct indications in the transfer task. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.},
	author_keywords = {Dog training; Herbs; Reference materials; Scent dog; Smell; Training model},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Female; Learning; Male; Odorants; Plant Extracts; Smell; Teaching; chamomile; fragrance; plant extract; animal experiment; Article; basil; controlled study; dandelion; detection dog; experimental test; female; herb; Hypericum perforatum; learning; male; marjoram; nonhuman; odor recognition test; olfactory discrimination; parsley; priority journal; ribwort; sensitivity and specificity; spice; training; animal; chemistry; dog; double blind procedure; drug effects; learning; odor; physiology; randomized controlled trial; teaching},
	correspondence_address = {C. Fischer-Tenhagen; Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; email: fischer-tenhagen@fu-berlin.de},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	issn = {0379864X},
	coden = {CHSED},
	pmid = {28444161},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Chem. Senses},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 25; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Adamkiewicz2013205,
	author = {Adamkiewicz, Ewa and Jezierski, Tadeusz and Walczak, Marta and Górecka-Bruzda, Aleksandra and Sobczyńska, Magdalena and Prokopczyk, Mariusz and Ensminger, John},
	title = {Traits of drug and explosives detection in dogs of two breeds as evaluated by their handlers and trainers},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {Animal Science Papers and Reports},
	volume = {31},
	number = {3},
	pages = {205 – 217},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880364947&partnerID=40&md5=22365355a81dc92d8d3ebb47b1da4e5e},
	affiliations = {Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Behaviour, Jastrzeogonekbiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Canine Department, Police Training Centre, Sułkowice, 05-560 Chynów, Poland; Delta Hedge Consulting, Stone Ridge, NY, United States},
	abstract = {Police dogs handlers' and trainers' opinions on Labrador retrievers (n=87) and German shepherds (n=96) trained for drugs vs. explosives detection have been compared. As most important traits in both specialties the responders indicated: (1) willingness to sniff objects, (2) concentration (focusing) ability, (3) acuity of smell and (4) willingness to bring an object back to a person. Only trainers but not handlers rated boldness in novel surroundings, and fear of specific things and of sudden loud noises, high in importance. Taking all traits together 43.7% and 44.4% of dogs showed an "ideal" level of the traits according to handlers' and trainers' opinion, respectively. Correlations coefficients between handlers' and trainers' ratings for the traits of real dogs did not exceed r = 0.33. Significant breed and specialty differences were found for the percentage of dogs that demonstrated too low, too high and "ideal" levels of the trait. Both handlers and trainers were consistent in their opinion that Labrador retrievers as service dogs of both specialties are too highly motivated to obtain food (P<0.05) and as drug detection dogs are overly friendly to people (P<0.01). The overall satisfaction rate did not differ significantly between breeds, specialties and sexes. This report shows a rather low consistency of opinions of dog trainers with those of dog handlers as to 28 behavioral and physical traits of drug and explosives detection dogs of both breeds and reveals no special preference for either breed in performing narcotics or explosives detection.},
	author_keywords = {Detection dogs; Dogs' handlers; Dogs' trainers; Drugs},
	correspondence_address = {T. Jezierski; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Behaviour, Jastrzeogonekbiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; email: t.jezierski@ighz.pl},
	publisher = {Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
	issn = {08604037},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 13}
}

@ARTICLE{Yuan2023371,
	author = {Yuan, Ting-Yu and Liang, Bing and Jiang, Bo-Wen and Sun, Shi-Wen and Zhou, Yi-Fan and Zhu, Ling-Wei and Liu, Jun and Guo, Xue-Jun and Ji, Xue and Sun, Yang},
	title = {Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus strains isolated from dogs and cats in Northeast China},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Medical Science},
	volume = {85},
	number = {3},
	pages = {371 – 378},
	doi = {10.1292/jvms.22-0410},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150772110&doi=10.1292%2fjvms.22-0410&partnerID=40&md5=1308361451f786ba2bf23b3d7ed323c6},
	affiliations = {Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China},
	abstract = {This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus from dogs and cats in Northeast China and evaluate its zoonotic risk based on a total of 469 enterococci strains from 610 samples, including 238 strains of E. faecium and 128 strains of E. faecalis. The isolation rate from police dog samples was 93.79%, pet dog samples was 69.90% and pet cat samples was 76.67%. The differences in the prevalence of E. faecalis among different hosts were statistically significant (P<0.05). The assays showed that most of the virulence genes detected were existed in E. faecalis and police dogs carried the least number of virulence genes. The correlation between enterococcal surface protein (esp) and aggregation substance (asa1) was determined. Enterococci are most resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, 68.92% of the isolates were classified as multiple drug resistant. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found between E. faecium and E. faecalis in the resistance rates of nine antimicrobials. Four positive and four negative correlations were found between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance. The results show that Enterococcus colonization and excretion in dogs and cats were related to animal species and living environments. Some correlation between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance was obtained. This study confirmed the presence of strains carrying multiple virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance at the same time, suggesting a public health risk for dogs and cats as reservoirs of enterococci. © 2023 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.},
	author_keywords = {antimicrobial resistance; cats; dogs; Enterococcus; virulence factor},
	keywords = {Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Virulence; Virulence Factors; adhesin; amikacin; ampicillin; ciprofloxacin; cytolysin; dalfopristin; dalfopristin plus quinupristin; erythromycin; gentamicin; glycerol; isoniazid plus rifampicin; linezolid; mupirocin; nitrofurantoin; outer surface protein A; quinupristin; rifampicin; teicoplanin; tetracycline; vancomycin; virulence factor; antiinfective agent; ace gene; animal experiment; antibiotic resistance; Article; asa1 gene; bacterial colonization; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; bacterial virulence; bacterium isolation; cat; China; controlled study; cylA gene; disease transmission; dog; efaAfm gene; efaAfs gene; Enterococcus; Enterococcus avium; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus gallinarum; Enterococcus hirae; feces analysis; gelE gene; gene sequence; hyl gene; nonhuman; pet animal; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; species identification; veterinary medicine; animal; antibiotic resistance; cat disease; dog disease; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecium; genetics; Gram positive infection; microbial sensitivity test; veterinary medicine; virulence},
	correspondence_address = {X. Ji; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, No.666 West Liuying Road, Nanguan district, 130122, China; email: ji_xuecn@aliyun.com; Y. Sun; Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China; email: sunyang10@hotmail.com},
	publisher = {Japanese Society of Veterinary Science},
	issn = {09167250},
	pmid = {36724969},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Med. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 3; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Nance201947,
	author = {Nance, Jason P.},
	title = {Implicit racial bias and students' fourth amendment rights},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Indiana Law Journal},
	volume = {94},
	number = {1},
	pages = {47 – 102},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065902976&partnerID=40&md5=cc45abff7c133786a583fecfcb069728},
	affiliations = {University of Florida, Levin College of Law, United States},
	abstract = {Tragic acts of school violence such as what occurred in Columbine, Newtown, and, more recently, in Parkland and Santa Fe, provoke intense feelings of anger, fear, sadness, and helplessness. Understandably, in response to these incidents (and for other reasons), many schools have intensified the manner in which they monitor and control students. Some schools rely on combinations of security measures such as metal detectors; surveillance cameras; drug-sniffing dogs; locked and monitored gates; random searches of students' belongings, lockers, and persons; and law enforcement officers. Not only is there little empirical evidence that these measures actually make schools safer, but overreliance on extreme security measures can create prisonlike environments that are inconsistent with students' best interests. Specifically, overreliance on intense surveillance measures often engenders distrust and discord among members of the school community in the long term, leading to increased disorder and dysfunction. Extreme security measures also play a role in pushing more students out of school and into the criminal justice system, which can have devastating consequences on students and their families. Although all schools do and should monitor students to some extent, empirical evidence demonstrates that not all students experience these intense, prisonlike conditions. Rather, schools serving higher concentrations of students of color are more likely to rely on coercive surveillance measures than schools serving primarily white students. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that legitimate safety concerns do not fully explain these racial disparities, but that implicit racial bias influences school officials' decisions to rely on intense surveillance methods to some degree. Indeed, empirical studies repeatedly document that many people unconsciously and unfairly associate minorities, particularly African Americans, with aggression, violence, crime, and danger. Recognizing that our current constitutional jurisprudence establishes prime conditions for these racial disparities to develop, this Article proposes a reformulated legal framework to evaluate the constitutionality of coercive surveillance methods that is firmly grounded in the U.S. Supreme Court's current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. Applying this reformulated framework in connection with other strategies will ameliorate the effects of implicit racial bias, help address the disproportionate application of coercive security measures on students of color, and motivate school officials working in majority-minority schools to rely on alternative, evidence-based methods to enhance school safety without harming the learning climate. © 2019 The Trustees of Indiana University. All rights reserved.},
	correspondence_address = {J.P. Nance; University of Florida, Levin College of Law, United States; email: nance@law.ufl.edu},
	publisher = {The Trustees of Indiana University},
	issn = {00196665},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Indiana Law J.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4}
}

@ARTICLE{Choe2022,
	author = {Choe, Yong-Ho and Hur, Tai-Young and Lee, Sung-Lim and Lee, Seunghoon and Lim, Dajeong and Choi, Bong-Hwan and Jeong, Haeyun and No, Jin-Gu and Ock, Sun A.},
	title = {Brachygnathia inferior in cloned dogs is possibly correlated with variants of wnt signaling pathway initiators},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.3390/ijms23010475},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122035020&doi=10.3390%2fijms23010475&partnerID=40&md5=6ab59bdd5bbc8e7ad3545a6e2ad1bda1},
	affiliations = {Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju, 55365, South Korea; Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics, NIAS, RDA, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju, 55365, South Korea},
	abstract = {Abnormalities in animals cloned via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been reported. In this study, to produce bomb-sniffing dogs, we successfully cloned four healthy dogs through SCNT using the same donor genome from the skin of a male German shepherd old dog. Veterinary diagnosis (X-ray/3D-CT imaging) revealed that two cloned dogs showed normal phenotypes, whereas the others showed abnormal shortening of the mandible (brachygnathia inferior) at 1 month after birth, even though they were cloned under the same conditions except for the oocyte source. Therefore, we aimed to determine the genetic cause of brachygnathia inferior in these cloned dogs. To determine the genetic defects related to brachygnathia inferior, we performed karyotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for identifying small genetic alterations in the genome, such as single-nucleotide variations or frameshifts. There were no chromosomal numerical abnormalities in all cloned dogs. However, WGS analysis revealed variants of Wnt signaling pathway initiators (WNT5B, DVL2, DACT1, ARRB2, FZD 4/8) and cadherin (CDH11, CDH1like) in cloned dogs with brachygnathia inferior. In conclusion, this study proposes that brachygnathia inferior in cloned dogs may be associated with variants in initiators and/or regulators of the Wnt/cadherin signaling pathway. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
	author_keywords = {Brachygnathia inferior; Cloned dog; Whole-genome sequencing; Wnt signaling pathway},
	keywords = {Abnormalities, Multiple; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Chromosome Aberrations; Cloning, Organism; Dogs; Feeding Behavior; Gene Ontology; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genetic Association Studies; Karyotyping; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Reproducibility of Results; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wnt Signaling Pathway; alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; amylase; aspartate aminotransferase; beta arrestin 2; bilirubin; cadherin; cadherin 10; cadherin 11; cadherin 12; cadherin 7; cadherin 9; calcium; cholesterol; creatine kinase; creatinine; cyclin D1; dishevelled 2; frizzled protein; gamma glutamyltransferase; globulin; glucose; gonadorelin receptor; hemoglobin; integrin; P cadherin; phosphorus; potassium; secreted frizzled related protein 4; secreted frizzled related protein 8; sodium; unclassified drug; Wnt5b protein; microsatellite DNA; animal cell; animal experiment; Article; brachygnathia inferior; chromosome aberration; cloning; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; dishevelled binding antagonist of beta catenin 1 gene; dog; embryo; embryo transfer; female; gene; gene mapping; gene mutation; gene ontology; genetic analysis; genetic variability; genetic variation; indel mutation; karyotyping; male; malocclusion; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; nonhuman; osteogenesis imperfecta; paternity; single nucleotide polymorphism; sniffing; somatic cell nuclear transfer; urea nitrogen blood level; whole genome sequencing; Wnt signaling; animal; blood; blood cell count; dog; feeding behavior; gene regulatory network; genetic association study; genetics; multiple malformation syndrome; reproducibility; veterinary medicine; Wnt signaling},
	correspondence_address = {S.-L. Lee; Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; email: sllee@gnu.ac.kr; S.A. Ock; Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, 55365, South Korea; email: ocksa@korea.kr},
	publisher = {MDPI},
	issn = {16616596},
	pmid = {35008901},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Mol. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Crosara2024,
	author = {Crosara, Serena and Fidanzio, Francesca and Oricco, Stefano and Dondi, Francesco and Mazzoldi, Chiara and Monari, Erika and Romito, Giovanni and Sabetti, Maria Chiara and Troìa, Roberta and Quintavalla, Cecilia},
	title = {Association between echocardiographic indexes and urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (uNGAL) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease},
	year = {2024},
	journal = {Research in Veterinary Science},
	volume = {171},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105211},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187008146&doi=10.1016%2fj.rvsc.2024.105211&partnerID=40&md5=04bfad8fc44934b367fe1e7bd2df251a},
	affiliations = {Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy; Centro Veterinario Imperiese, Via Armelio 10, Imperia, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy},
	abstract = {Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of tubular damage, and its elevation has been described in human and canine cardiorenal syndrome. The aim was to evaluate the association between echocardiographic indexes and urine NGAL (uNGAL) and uNGAL normalized to urine creatinine (uNGALC) in dogs with MMVD. This is a multicentric prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 77 dogs with MMVD at different ACVIM stages were included. All dogs underwent echocardiography, serum chemistry, and urinalysis. Echocardiographic data analyzed were shortening fraction (SF), left ventricular diastolic (LVIDDn) and systolic (LVIDSn) diameters normalized for body weight, left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), maximal (LAVMax) and minimal (LAVMin) left atrial volumes, LA stroke volume (LASV), early diastolic mitral peak velocity (EVmax), EVmax to tissue Doppler E' wave (E/E'), aortic (VTIAo) and mitralic (VTIMit) velocity time integrals and their ratio (VTIMit/VTIAo), and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRVmax). In the univariate analysis LASV, TRVmax, LAVMax, LVIDDn, and VTIMit/VTIAo were independent predictors of increased uNGAL and uNGALC; however, only LASV [(OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.31) P = 0.01 for NGAL, and (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.50 to 5.17) P < 0.001 for NGALC] and TRVmax [(OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.20–2.51) P = 0.002 for NGAL, and (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 10.07–2.10) P = 0.015 for NGALC] remained statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. Based on our results, LASV and TRVmax are associated with increased uNGAL and uNGALC. These parameters might detect dogs with MMVD at higher risk of developing kidney damage. © 2024 The Authors},
	author_keywords = {Cardiorenal syndrome; Heart failure; MMVD; Renal biomarkers; Renal damage},
	keywords = {neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; unclassified drug; urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; animal experiment; aortic velocity time integral; area under the curve; Article; body weight; Boston terrier; cardiovascular parameters; Cavalier King Charles spaniel; Chihuahua (dog); controlled study; cross-sectional study; dachshund (dog); dog breed; Doppler echocardiography; E wave of the tissue Doppler of the parietal mitral annulus; early diastolic mitral peak velocity; early diastolic mitral peak velocity to tissue Doppler E wave; female; fractional shortening; heart stroke volume; Jack Russell; left atrium maximal volume; left atrium minimal volume; left atrium stroke volume; left atrium to aortic root ratio; left ventricular diastolic diameter; M mode echocardiography; male; Maltese dog; mitral valve disease; mongrel dog; myxomatous mitral valve disease; nonhuman; Pincher dog; poodle; prospective study; receiver operating characteristic; sample size; schnauzer; sensitivity and specificity; Shih Tzu; Spinone Italiano dog; transthoracic echocardiography; tricuspid regurgitation velocity; two dimensional echocardiography; urinalysis; Youden index},
	correspondence_address = {S. Oricco; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, Italy; email: stefano.oricco@gmail.com},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {00345288},
	coden = {RVTSA},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Res. Vet. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2016407,
	author = {Lee, Ji Hyun and Kim, Geon A and Kim, Rak Seung and Lee, Jong Su and Oh, Hyun Ju and Kim, Min Jung and Hong, Do Kyo and Lee, Byeong Chun},
	title = {Reproductive ability of a cloned male detector dog and behavioral traits of its offspring},
	year = {2016},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Science},
	volume = {17},
	number = {3},
	pages = {407 – 411},
	doi = {10.4142/JVS.2016.17.3.407},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018238955&doi=10.4142%2fJVS.2016.17.3.407&partnerID=40&md5=8345e74ba5ea1897cb64aa151b375111},
	affiliations = {Customs Detector Dog Training Center, Customs Border Control Training Center, Korea Customs Service, Incheon, 22356, South Korea; Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea},
	abstract = {In 2007, seven detector dogs were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using one nuclear donor dog, then trained and certified as excellent detector dogs, similar to their donor. In 2011, we crossed a cloned male and normal female by natural breeding and produced ten offspring. In this study, we investigated the puppies’ temperaments, which we later compared with those of the cloned parent male. The results show that the cloned male had normal reproductive abilities and produced healthy offspring. All puppies completed narcotic detector dog training with a success rate for selection of 60%. Although the litter of cloned males was small in this study, a cloned male dog bred by natural mating produced puppies that later successfully completed the training course for drug detection. In conclusion, cloning an elite dog with superior genetic factors and breeding of the cloned dog was found to be a useful method to efficiently procure detector dogs. © 2016 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science. All Rights Reserved. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.},
	author_keywords = {Behavioral traits; Cloned dog; Drug detection dog; Reproductive normality},
	keywords = {Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cloning, Organism; Dogs; Male; Nuclear Transfer Techniques; Reproduction; Temperament; animal; animal behavior; cell nucleus transplantation; cloning; dog; male; physiology; psychology; reproduction; temperament; veterinary},
	correspondence_address = {B.C. Lee; Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; email: bclee@snu.ac.kr},
	publisher = {Korean Society of Veterinary Science},
	issn = {1229845X},
	pmid = {26435541},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Lippi2012435,
	author = {Lippi, Giuseppe and Cervellin, Gianfranco},
	title = {Canine olfactory detection of cancer versus laboratory testing: Myth or opportunity},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine},
	volume = {50},
	number = {3},
	pages = {435 – 439},
	doi = {10.1515/cclm.2011.672},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860333217&doi=10.1515%2fcclm.2011.672&partnerID=40&md5=cf29ce3e17086b83a66b140225c327a5},
	affiliations = {U.O. Diagnostica Ematochimica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43100-Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Italy; U.O. Pronto Soccorso e Medicina d'Urgenza, Dipartimento di Emergenza-Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy},
	abstract = {According to the most recent global cancer statistics, the burden of malignancies continues to increase worldwide, so that there is a compelling need to reinforce the screening strategies and implement novel diagnostic approaches for early detection. Canines are widely used by police forces and civilian services for detecting explosives and drugs due to their superior olfactive apparatus, which is characterized by a detection threshold as low as parts per trillion. There is mounting evidence that dogs might be effectively trained to detect patients with various form of cancers due to the presence of a characteristic "odor signature". In particular, preliminary studies reported that appropriately trained dogs exhibit an extraordinary ability to detect melanoma as well as prostate, breast, ovary and lung cancers by recognizing a characteristic "odor signature" in body, urines, sweat, breath and even blood. The most problematic issue that has emerged so far is the large heterogeneity of performance across the different studies as well as within the same study, which might be dependent upon genetic characteristics or training methodology. This article is aimed to provide an overview of the available data on cancer sniffer dogs, highlighting the appealing perspectives and the potential drawbacks. © 2012 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston.},
	author_keywords = {cancer; dogs; olfactory detection; screening},
	keywords = {Animals; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Dogs; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Smell; Canis familiaris; HLA A antigen; HLA B antigen; HLA C antigen; volatile organic compound; animal structures; blood odor; breast cancer; breath analysis; cancer diagnosis; diagnostic accuracy; dog; evidence based medicine; halitosis; human; intermethod comparison; laboratory diagnosis; lung cancer; mass fragmentography; melanoma; nonhuman; odor; olfactory discrimination; olfactory receptor; olfactory system; ovary cancer; ovary carcinoma; perceptive threshold; priority journal; prostate cancer; review; sensitivity and specificity; sensory nerve cell; sniffer dog; sweat; urine odor},
	correspondence_address = {G. Lippi; U.O. Diagnostica Ematochimica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43100-Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, Italy; email: giuseppe.lippi@univr.it},
	issn = {14374331},
	coden = {CCLMF},
	pmid = {21790506},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 67}
}

@ARTICLE{Eassey2024,
	author = {Eassey, Christopher and Hughes, Caitlin E. and Wadds, Phillip and de Andrade, Dominique and Barratt, Monica J.},
	title = {A systematic review of interventions that impact alcohol and other drug-related harms in licensed entertainment settings and outdoor music festivals},
	year = {2024},
	journal = {Harm Reduction Journal},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1186/s12954-024-00949-4},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185618645&doi=10.1186%2fs12954-024-00949-4&partnerID=40&md5=310bd4ead35d42525234f276bf13073a},
	affiliations = {National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Crime Policy and Research, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; The School of Law, Society and Criminology, and Centre for Criminology, Law and Justice, Faculty of Law and Justice, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Social Equity Research Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia},
	abstract = {Background: Harms associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) in licensed entertainment settings (LES) and outdoor music festivals (OMF) are ongoing public health and criminal justice concerns. This systematic review provides a comprehensive, synthesized report on the evidence base of interventions that impact harm in these settings, and how they affect health, behavioral, and criminal justice outcomes. Methods: Nine databases were searched for experimental and observational studies published between 2010 and 2021. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, published in English, described interventions which could impact AOD-related harms in LES or OMF (and were delivered in these environments), and reported on health, criminal justice and/or behavioral outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program for qualitative studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted to synthesize outcomes across studies. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020140004). Results: Of the 48,303 studies screened, 100 met the inclusion criteria. 86 focused solely on reducing alcohol-related harm, 7 on reducing illicit drug-related harm, and 7 on both. Most (n = 88) focused on LES and evaluated changes in laws and regulations (n = 28) and/or multicomponent interventions/policies (n = 41). Multicomponent interventions showed the best results for both health (62% positive) and criminal justice (84% positive) outcomes, with 71% of studies being rated as strong quality. There was also good evidence to support the careful application of trading hour restrictions and limited but promising evidence to support medical services and drug checking. Conclusion: The breadth, quality and volume of evidence regarding what works in reducing AOD-related harm in recreational settings have increased in the past decade, particularly regarding LES. Findings support onsite medical services (reducing ambulance transfer rates), multicomponent interventions targeting alcohol accessibility and availability (reducing assaults), and drug checking services, but suggest other interventions such as drug detection dogs may exacerbate harm. Further, higher quality research is required to address identified gaps in the evidence base, particularly on optimal interventions within OMF, around illicit drugs more broadly and in the Global South. © The Author(s) 2024.},
	author_keywords = {Alcohol; Harm reduction; Illicit drugs; Licensed entertainment settings; Music festivals/festivals; Systematic review},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Ethanol; Holidays; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Music; Public Health; illicit drug; alcohol; illicit drug; alcohol abstinence; alcohol consumption; ambulance transfer rate; ambulance transportation; assault; behavior; change in trading hours; clinical outcome; clinical protocol; criminal justice; data base; drug checking; drug screening; drug use; entertainment industry; Europe; evidence gap; harm reduction; health; health care policy; health care quality; health program; human; law; law enforcement; medical service; methodology; multicomponent intervention; music; outdoor music festival; peer review; public health; quantitative study; Review; screening; smoking ban; social support; systematic review; United Kingdom; violence; animal; dog; leisure},
	correspondence_address = {M.J. Barratt; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; email: monica.barratt@rmit.edu.au},
	publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd},
	issn = {14777517},
	pmid = {38383344},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Harm Reduct. J.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {All Open Access, Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Ross2013412,
	author = {Ross, Darrell L.},
	title = {Probable Cause and the Sniff Factor: Florida v. Harris and Florida v. Jardines},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {Criminal Justice Review},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	pages = {412 – 422},
	doi = {10.1177/0734016813498974},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883678850&doi=10.1177%2f0734016813498974&partnerID=40&md5=fd5dd59fb0c2f957898d12df1cd690ba},
	affiliations = {Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, United States},
	abstract = {The U.S. Supreme Court has previously rendered only three opinions regarding the use of drug-detecting dogs in formulating probable cause leading to a search. Yet, in their 2012-2013 term, they published two decisions on the constitutionality of using drug detection dogs, establishing probable cause, and performing searches. This article provides an assessment of the Court's decisions in Florida v. Harris (2013) and Florida v. Jardines (2013) and addresses the implications of these decisions. © 2013 Georgia State University.},
	author_keywords = {canines; drug-detection dogs; probable cause; search and seizure},
	correspondence_address = {D. L. Ross; Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, United States; email: dross@valdosta.edu},
	issn = {15563839},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Crim. Justice Rev.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Jezierski2014112,
	author = {Jezierski, Tadeusz and Adamkiewicz, Ewa and Walczak, Marta and Sobczyńska, Magdalena and Górecka-Bruzda, Aleksandra and Ensminger, John and Papet, Eugene},
	title = {Efficacy of drug detection by fully-trained police dogs varies by breed, training level, type of drug and search environment},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {Forensic Science International},
	volume = {237},
	pages = {112 – 118},
	doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.01.013},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896098946&doi=10.1016%2fj.forsciint.2014.01.013&partnerID=40&md5=03e082962d34f8290fed7fd8db98ff20},
	affiliations = {Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behavior, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Delta Hedge Consulting, Stone Ridge, NY 12484, 4428 Atwood Road, United States; K9 Resources, LLC, Kings Mills, OH 45034, United States},
	abstract = {Some recent publications claim that the effectiveness of police canine drug detection is uncertain and likely minimal, and that the deterrent effect of dogs on drug users is low. It is also claimed that more scientific evidence is needed to demonstrate to what extent dogs actually detect drugs. The aim of this research was to assess experimentally, but in actual training and testing environments used by the Polish police, how effective dogs trained by the police were at illicit substance detection depending on factors such as type of drug, dog breed, dog experience with the searching site, and drug odor residuals. 68 Labrador retrievers, 61 German shepherds, 25 Terriers and 10 English Cocker Spaniels, of both sexes in each breed, were used. Altogether 1219 experimental searching tests were conducted. On average, hidden drug samples were indicated by dogs after 64. s searching time, with 87.7% indications being correct and 5.3% being false. In 7.0% of trials dogs failed to find the drug sample within 10. min. The ranking of drugs from the easiest to the most difficult to detect was: marijuana, hashish, amphetamine, cocaine, heroin. German shepherds were superior to other breeds in giving correct indications while Terriers showed relatively poor detection performance. Dogs were equally efficient at searching in well-known vs. unknown rooms with strange (i.e., non-target novelty) odors (83.2% correct indications), but they were less accurate when searching outside or inside cars (63.5% and 57.9% correct indications respectively). During police examination trials the dogs made more false alerts, fewer correct indications and searching time was longer compared to the final stage of the training. The drug odor may persist at a site for at least 48. h. Our experiments do not confirm the recent reports, based on drug users' opinions, of low drug detection efficiency. Usefulness of drug detection dogs has been demonstrated here, even if their effectiveness may not be 100%, but different factors have to be taken into consideration to assure maximum effectiveness. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.},
	author_keywords = {Dogs; Drug detection; Efficacy},
	keywords = {Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dogs; Humans; Odors; Police; Smell; Street Drugs; amphetamine; cannabis; cocaine; diamorphine; illicit drug; street drug; animal behavior; animal experiment; animal testing refinement; article; dog; dog breed; drug determination; female; forensic identification; German shepherd; Labrador retriever; male; nonhuman; odor recognition test; police; priority journal; spaniel; task performance; terrier; training; animal; human; odor; police},
	correspondence_address = {T. Jezierski; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behavior, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; email: t.jezierski@ighz.pl},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ireland Ltd},
	issn = {03790738},
	coden = {FSIND},
	pmid = {24631776},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Forensic Sci. Int.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 112}
}

@ARTICLE{Collins2022,
	author = {Collins, Amanda and Bear, Rachel A. and Mallikarjun, Amritha and Kane, Sarah A. and Essler, Jennifer L. and Kaynaroglu, Patricia and Feuer, Rebecca and Smith, Jordan G. and Otto, Cynthia M.},
	title = {Effects of Intranasal and Oral Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccination on the Behavioral and Olfactory Capabilities of Detection Dogs},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science},
	volume = {9},
	doi = {10.3389/fvets.2022.882424},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131601282&doi=10.3389%2ffvets.2022.882424&partnerID=40&md5=5a2b26c8ea50de6f6b71128bb7058e6b},
	affiliations = {Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Science and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States},
	abstract = {The bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica is responsible for serious respiratory disease in dogs, most often associated with ‘kennel cough’ (canine infectious tracheobronchitis). It is recommended that dogs are vaccinated against the bacterium every 6–12 months, either by oral or intranasal administration. Any impairment of dogs' olfactory capabilities due to medical treatments may impact their efficiency and accuracy in their jobs. This study examined (1) the effect of intranasal and oral vaccines on the olfactory capabilities of detection dogs; as well as (1) effects of the vaccines on canine behavior. Dogs that were vaccinated initially with the oral and 28 days later with intranasal B. bronchiseptica were generally slower to find the target odor than the dogs that were assigned intranasal then oral vaccine. This result prompted a second between-subjects study to further investigate any impact of intranasal administration of the B. bronchiseptica vaccine on the olfactory capabilities of dogs. The intranasal vaccine was of particular interest due to its prevalent use and potential for nasal inflammation leading to decreased olfactory capabilities. Neither odor threshold nor time spent searching for odor were affected by the intranasal vaccine. Behavioral analyses showed that behaviors associated with the dogs' positive and negative motivation affected their time spent finding the target odor; this suggests that behavior should be considered in future studies of olfactory performance. Copyright © 2022 Collins, Bear, Mallikarjun, Kane, Essler, Kaynaroglu, Feuer, Smith and Otto.},
	author_keywords = {Bordetella bronchiseptica; detection dogs; olfaction; vaccination effects; working dogs},
	keywords = {bacterial vaccine; Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine; unclassified drug; animal behavior; animal experiment; Article; Bordetella bronchiseptica infection; detection dog; inflammation; nonhuman; nose disease; smelling; vaccination},
	correspondence_address = {C.M. Otto; Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States; email: cmotto@vet.upenn.edu},
	publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
	issn = {22971769},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Front. Vet. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Schott2015,
	author = {Schott, Matthias and Klein, Birgit and Vilcinskas, Andreas},
	title = {Detection of illicit drugs by trained honeybees (Apis mellifera)},
	year = {2015},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {10},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0128528},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938911093&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0128528&partnerID=40&md5=129ffa1d671f8e32510700b3b0048593},
	affiliations = {Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Department Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany; Forensic Institute - Section Narcotics/Chemistry, State Office of Criminal Investigation Hessen, Wiesbaden, Germany},
	abstract = {Illegal drugs exacerbate global social challenges such as substance addiction, mental health issues and violent crime. Police and customs officials often rely on specially-trained sniffer dogs, which act as sensitive biological detectors to find concealed illegal drugs. However, the dog "alert" is no longer sufficient evidence to allow a search without a warrant or additional probable cause because cannabis has been legalized in two US states and is decriminalized in many others. Retraining dogs to recognize a narrower spectrum of drugs is difficult and training new dogs is time consuming, yet there are no analytical devices with the portability and sensitivity necessary to detect substance-specific chemical signatures. This means there is currently no substitute for sniffer dogs. Here we describe an insect screening procedure showing that the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) can sense volatiles associated with pure samples of heroin and cocaine. We developed a portable electroantennographic device for the on-site measurement of volatile perception by these insects, and found a positive correlation between honeybee antennal responses and the concentration of specific drugs in test samples. Furthermore, we tested the ability of honeybees to learn the scent of heroin and trained them to show a reliable behavioral response in the presence of a highly-diluted scent of pure heroin. Trained honeybees could therefore be used to complement or replace the role of sniffer dogs as part of an automated drug detection system. Insects are highly sensitive to volatile compounds and provide an untapped resource for the development of biosensors. Automated conditioning as presented in this study could be developed as a platform for the practical detection of illicit drugs using insect-based sensors. © 2015 Schott et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
	keywords = {Animals; Bees; Behavior, Animal; Biosensing Techniques; Conditioning, Classical; Dogs; Learning; Male; Odorants; Smell; Street Drugs; Volatile Organic Compounds; Apis mellifera; Canis familiaris; Cannabis; Hexapoda; amphetamine; caffeine; cannabis; cocaine; diamorphine; illicit drug; fragrance; street drug; volatile organic compound; antenna (organ); Apis mellifera; Article; biosensor; cockroach; concentration response; conditioning; controlled study; electroantennography; forensic science; Gromphadorhina portentosa; Lobesia botrana; measurement; moth; nonhuman; olfactory discrimination; animal; animal behavior; bee; chemistry; conditioned reflex; dog; drug effects; genetic procedures; learning; male; odor; physiology},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	issn = {19326203},
	coden = {POLNC},
	pmid = {26083377},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLoS ONE},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 18; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Grewcock2021,
	author = {Grewcock, Michael and Sentas, Vicki},
	title = {Strip searches, police power and the infliction of harm: An analysis of the New South Wales strip search regime},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.5204/IJCJSD.1665},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111702600&doi=10.5204%2fIJCJSD.1665&partnerID=40&md5=20ded9268267d40424398a251458ac12},
	affiliations = {Australia; UNSW, Australia},
	abstract = {Police misuse of strip search powers at music festivals, at train stations, in police vehicles and at other locations has been subject to sustained public attention in recent years. This article traces the evolution of strip search practices in New South Wales, explores the legal and policy context in which they have developed, highlights the individual and social harms arising from them and discusses the need for fundamental law reform. We argue that recent controversies regarding police strip searches and drug detection dog operations in New South Wales show policing to be simultaneously a law-making and a law-abusing power. By examining concepts concerned with how police construct their own working rules, police data and testimony provided to the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission (LECC), we explain how police justify conducting strip searches that should otherwise be considered unlawful. © The Author(s) 2021},
	author_keywords = {Drug detection dogs; Police powers; Reasonable suspicion; Strip searches},
	correspondence_address = {V. Sentas; Faculty of Law and Justice, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; email: v.sentas@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Queensland University of Technology},
	issn = {22027998},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Crime Justice Soc. democr.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Sato2017,
	author = {Sato, Takaaki and Katsuoka, Yoji and Yoneda, Kimihiko and Nonomura, Mitsuo and Uchimoto, Shinya and Kobayakawa, Reiko and Kobayakawa, Ko and Mizutani, Yoichi},
	title = {Sniffer mice discriminate urine odours of patients with bladder cancer: A proof-of-principle study for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer-induced odours},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-15355-z},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033445436&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-017-15355-z&partnerID=40&md5=303a0cd5621957f4e56d7c0aa03b96be},
	affiliations = {Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; Department of Urology, Portisland Hospital, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan; Department of Urology, Kameoka-Shimizu Hospital, Kyoto, 621-0834, Japan; Department of Urology, Kyoto-Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan; Department of Urology, Nozaki Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, 574-0074, Japan; Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan; Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science, Aino University, Osaka, 567-0012, Japan; Kumagaya General Hospital, Saitama, 360-8657, Japan},
	abstract = {Similar to fingerprints, humans have unique, genetically determined body odours. In case of urine, the odour can change due to variations in diet as well as upon infection or tumour formation. We investigated the use of mice in a manner similar to "sniffer dogs" to detect changes in urine odour in patients with bladder cancer. We measured the odour discrimination thresholds of mice in a Y-maze, using urine mixtures from patients with bladder cancer (Stage I) and healthy volunteers (dietary variations) as well as occult blood-or antibiotic drug metabolite-modulated samples. Threshold difference indicated that intensities of urinary olfactory cues increase in the following order: dietary variation < bladder cancer < occult blood < antibiotic drug metabolites. After training with patient urine mixtures, sniffer mice discriminated between urine odours of pre-and post-Transurethral resection in individual patients with bladder cancer in an equal-occult blood diluted condition below the detection level of dietary variations, achieving a success rate of 100% (11/11). Furthermore, genetic ablation of all dorsal olfactory receptors elevated the discrimination thresholds of mice by ≥ 105-fold. The marked reduction in discrimination sensitivity indicates an essential role of the dorsal olfactory receptors in the recognition of urinary body odours in mice. © 2017 The Author(s).},
	keywords = {Aged; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Case-Control Studies; Discrimination (Psychology); Humans; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Odorants; Receptors, Odorant; Smell; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urine; fragrance; aged; animal; animal behavior; bladder tumor; case control study; chemistry; human; male; metabolism; middle aged; mouse; odor; olfactory receptor; perceptive discrimination; physiology; urine},
	correspondence_address = {T. Sato; Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; email: taka-sato@aist.go.jp},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {20452322},
	pmid = {29116175},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Sci. Rep.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 14; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Menchetti2019,
	author = {Menchetti, Laura and Guelfi, Gabriella and Speranza, Roberto and Carotenuto, Pasquale and Moscati, Livia and Diverio, Silvana},
	title = {Benefits of dietary supplements on the physical fitness of German Shepherd dogs during a drug detection training course},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {6},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218275},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067467916&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0218275&partnerID=40&md5=e67b082da476aabaf77bfb5dc3f6378a},
	affiliations = {Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy; GdF (Military Force of Guardia di Finanza), Dog Breeding and Training Course, Castiglione Del Lago (PG), Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e Delle Marche, Perugia, Italy},
	abstract = {A high standard of physical fitness is an essential characteristic of drug detection dogs because it affects not only their ability to sustain high activity levels but also their attention and olfaction efficiency. Nutritional supplements could improve physical fitness by modulating energy metabolism, oxidative processes, and perceived fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes induced by submaximal exercise on drug detection dogs (German Shepherd breed) and to assess whether a dietary supplement improves their physical fitness. During a drug detection dog training course, seven dogs were fed with a basal diet (Control Group) for three-month period, while a further seven dogs were fed with a basal diet as well as a daily nutritional supplement containing branched-chain and limiting amino acids, carnitine, vitamins, and octacosanol (Treatment Group). At the end of this period, individual physical fitness was assessed by making each subject take a graded treadmill exercise test. A human heart rate monitor system was used to record the dog's heart rate (HR) during the treadmill exercise and the subsequent recovery period. The parameters related to HR were analysed using nonparametric statistics. Blood samples were collected before starting the nutritional supplement treatment, before and after the treadmill exercise and following recovery. Linear mixed models were used. The dietary supplements accelerated HR recovery, as demonstrated by the lower HR after recovery (P<0.05) and Time constants of HR decay (P<0.05), and by the higher Absolute HR Recovered (P<0.05) recorded in the Treatment group compared with the Control dogs. The supplemented dogs showed the lowest concentrations of creatine kinase (CK; P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P<0.05) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; P<0.01) suggesting a reduction in muscle damage and improvement of energy metabolism. These data suggest that this combined supplement can significantly enhance the physical fitness of drug detection dogs. © 2019 Menchetti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
	keywords = {Animals; Creatine Kinase; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dogs; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical Fitness; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; branched chain amino acid; carnitine; creatine kinase; fatty acid; nutrition supplement; octacosanol; vitamin; creatine kinase; animal experiment; Article; controlled study; detection dog; energy metabolism; female; fitness; German shepherd; heart rate; male; mathematical model; nonhuman; treadmill exercise; animal; blood; diet; dietary supplement; dog; exercise test; fitness; human; physiology; procedures; skeletal muscle},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	issn = {19326203},
	coden = {POLNC},
	pmid = {31199843},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLoS ONE},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 16; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Melendez20192176,
	author = {Melendez, Daira and Roberts, Marilyn C. and Greninger, Alexander L. and Weissman, Scott and No, David and Rabinowitz, Peter and Wasser, Samuel},
	title = {Whole-genome analysis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) MDR ST73 and ST127 isolated from endangered southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca)},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy},
	volume = {74},
	number = {8},
	pages = {2176 – 2180},
	doi = {10.1093/jac/dkz159},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070116433&doi=10.1093%2fjac%2fdkz159&partnerID=40&md5=f4777ab6142a77a274db613de3974aac},
	affiliations = {Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seattle, 98195, WA, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Seattle, 98195, WA, United States; Children’s Hospital, Seattle, 98145, WA, United States; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, United States},
	abstract = {Background: Limited studies have investigated the microbial diversity of wild marine mammals. Objectives: This study characterized Escherichia coli isolates collected from fresh faecal samples of endangered southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) located by detection dogs. Methods: WGS of each strain was done to determine ST (using MLST), clonotype (C:H), antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile. Conjugation experiments were done to determine the mobility of the tet(B) tetracycline resistance gene. Results: All isolates belonged to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) clonal lineages ST73 (8/9) and ST127 (1/9), often associated with human community-acquired urinary tract disease. Clonotyping using fumC and fimH alleles showed divergence in clonal lineages, with ST73 isolates belonging to the C24:H10 clade and the ST127 isolate belonging to C14:H2. The eight ST73 isolates carried multiple acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including aadA1, sul1 and tet(B), encoding aminoglycoside, sulphonamide and tetracycline resistance, respectively. Conjugative transfer of the resistance gene tet(B) was observed for three of the eight isolates. ST127 did not carry any of these acquired resistance genes. Virulence-associated genes identified included those encoding adhesins (iha, papC, sfaS), toxins (sat, vat, pic, hlyA, cnf1), siderophores (iutA, fyuA, iroN, ireA), serum survival/protectins (iss, ompT), capsule (kpsM) and pathogenicity island marker (malX). Conclusions: Orca whales can carry antibiotic-resistant potentially pathogenic strains of E. coli. Possible sources include contamination of the whale’s environment and/or food. It is unknown whether these isolates cause disease in southern resident killer whales, which could contribute to the ongoing decline of this critically endangered population. VC The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Endangered Species; Escherichia coli Infections; Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli; Feces; Genotype; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Whale, Killer; Whole Genome Sequencing; ampicillin; antibiotic agent; cefotaxime; erythromycin; iron; n4 acetylsulfafurazole; spectinomycin; streptomycin; tetracycline; toxin; antiinfective agent; virulence factor; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; Article; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; bacterial virulence; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; contamination; disease surveillance; disk diffusion; DNA extraction; extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli; gene sequence; genome analysis; human; microbial diversity; microcapsule; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; olfactory system; pathogenicity; phylogenetic tree; sequence alignment; serotyping; single nucleotide polymorphism; urinary tract disease; whole genome sequencing; animal; DNA sequence; drug effect; endangered species; Escherichia coli infection; extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli; feces; genetics; genotype; isolation and purification; killer whale; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; multidrug resistance; urinary tract infection; veterinary medicine; virulence; whole genome sequencing},
	correspondence_address = {M.C. Roberts; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seattle, 98195, United States; email: marilynr@uw.edu},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	issn = {03057453},
	coden = {JACHD},
	pmid = {31032855},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Antimicrob. Chemother.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12}
}

@ARTICLE{Bryce2017140,
	author = {Bryce, E. and Zurberg, T. and Zurberg, M. and Shajari, S. and Roscoe, D.},
	title = {Identifying environmental reservoirs of Clostridium difficile with a scent detection dog: preliminary evaluation},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Journal of Hospital Infection},
	volume = {97},
	number = {2},
	pages = {140 – 145},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2017.05.023},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025826202&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhin.2017.05.023&partnerID=40&md5=b54b682759c5e908699281ba5f1632ad},
	affiliations = {Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Patient Quality and Safety, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
	abstract = {Background and aim Prompted by an article describing a dog trained to detect Clostridium difficile in patients, our institution evaluated a dog's ability to detect C. difficile scent from equipment and surfaces to assist in strategic deployment of adjunctive cleaning measures. Methods An expert in drug and explosives scent dog handling trained a canine to identify odours from pure cultures and/or faecal specimens positive for C. difficile. Methods used to assess explosive and drug detection dogs were adapted and included evaluation of (i) odour recognition, using containers positive and negative for the scent of C. difficile, and of (ii) search capability, on a simulation ward with hidden scents. After demonstration that the canine could accurately and reliably detect the scent of C. difficile, formal assessments of all clinical areas began. Findings Odour recognition (N = 75 containers) had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Search capability was 80% sensitive and 92.9% specific after removal of results from one room where dog and trainer fatigue influenced performance. Both odour recognition and search capability had an overall sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 95.4%. The clinical unit sweeps over a period of five months revealed a sensitivity of 100% in alerting on positive quality control hides. These clinical unit sweeps also resulted in 83 alerts during 49 sweep days. Conclusion A dog can be trained to accurately and reliably detect C. difficile odour from environmental sources to guide the best deployment of adjunctive cleaning measures and can be successfully integrated into a quality infection control programme. © 2017 The Healthcare Infection Society},
	author_keywords = {Canine scent detection; Clostridium difficile; Infection control},
	keywords = {Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bonding, Human-Pet; Clostridium difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Dogs; Equipment Contamination; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smell; Article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; controlled study; dog scent detection; ecological procedures; environmental factor; environmental reservoir; environmental sanitation; fatigue; feces culture; infection control; nonhuman; olfactory discrimination; Peptoclostridium difficile; quality control; sensitivity and specificity; simulation; spaniel; springer spaniel; task performance; animal; animal behavior; Clostridium infection; cross infection; dog; female; hospital; human; human-animal bond; isolation and purification; male; medical device contamination; microbiology; odor; Peptoclostridium difficile; physiology},
	correspondence_address = {E. Bryce; Vancouver Coastal Health, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, JPN 1111 – 899 West 12th Avenue, V5Z 1M9, Canada; email: Elizabeth.Bryce@vch.ca},
	publisher = {W.B. Saunders Ltd},
	issn = {01956701},
	coden = {JHIND},
	pmid = {28579472},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Hosp. Infect.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 13}
}

@ARTICLE{Rahman2022,
	author = {Rahman, Liah and Raymond, Holly and Labuguen, Bradley and Gladysz, Hollie and Holshausen, Katherine and Brasch, Jennifer and Amlung, Michael and MacKillop, James},
	title = {Perceptions of prevalence, consequences, and strategies for managing contraband substance use in an inpatient concurrent disorders program: A qualitative study of patient perspectives and survey of clinician perspectives},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
	volume = {13},
	doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.911552},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138257582&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyt.2022.911552&partnerID=40&md5=03bda4c36024b91ba486376036bc9e15},
	affiliations = {Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Concurrent Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada},
	abstract = {Objective: Inpatient treatment programs for substance use disorders (SUDs) typically have an abstinence policy for patients, but unsanctioned substance use nonetheless takes place and can have significant negative clinical impacts. The current study sought to understand this problem from a patient perspective and to develop strategies for improved contraband substance management in an inpatient concurrent disorders sample. Methods: First, a qualitative study (n = 10; 60% female) was undertaken to ascertain perceived prevalence, impact, and patient-generated strategies. Second, an anonymous follow-up survey was conducted with unit staff clinicians to evaluate the suggested strategies. Results: Patients reported that contraband substance use was present and had significant negative consequences clinically. Recommendations from patients included more extensive urine drug screening, the use of drug-sniffing dogs, and direct contingencies for contraband use. Nineteen staff competed an anonymous follow-up questionnaire to evaluate the viability of these strategies, revealing variable perceptions of feasibility and effectiveness. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the adverse consequences of contraband substance use in addiction treatment programs and identify patient-preferred strategies for managing this challenge. Copyright © 2022 Rahman, Raymond, Labuguen, Gladysz, Holshausen, Brasch, Amlung and MacKillop.},
	author_keywords = {concurrent disorders; contraband substance use; frontline staff perspectives; patient perspectives; patient substance use},
	keywords = {central stimulant agent; cocaine; diamorphine; fentanyl; illicit drug; methamphetamine; opiate; sedative agent; adult; alcohol consumption; anxiety; Article; cannabis use; clinical article; clinician; data analysis; demographics; depression; dog; drug dependence; drug screening; education; female; follow up; hospital; hospital patient; human; interview; male; mental health; perception; prevalence; psychosis; qualitative research; questionnaire; self report; semi structured interview; smoking; sniffing; substance use; tobacco use; urine; vaping; wellbeing},
	correspondence_address = {J. MacKillop; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada; email: jmackill@mcmaster.ca},
	publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
	issn = {16640640},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Front. Psychiatry},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Race2014301,
	author = {Race, Kane},
	title = {Complex events: Drug effects and emergent causality},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {Contemporary Drug Problems},
	volume = {41},
	number = {3},
	pages = {301 – 334},
	doi = {10.1177/009145091404100303},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978287392&doi=10.1177%2f009145091404100303&partnerID=40&md5=2613ee5ee73067d0055d250651691934},
	affiliations = {Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney, Australia},
	abstract = {This article works with Connolly’s (2004) concept of “emergent causality” to counter the insistence on linear expressions of cause and effect in dominant strands of drug prevention evaluation. I elaborate this concept with reference to recent controversies concerning the policing of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras. The use of sniffer dogs to furnish the reasonable suspicion required to authorize police “stop and search” procedures has been a key part of this controversy. Substantiated in terms of its universal applicability, high visibility and purported deterrent effect, this practice actually forms part of the complex and evolving environment in which new and more dangerous forms of sex-related drug consumption have emerged. Emergent causality makes it possible to see how any element in a given assemblage can acquire contingent agentic capacities. Grasping these developments as events, or processes of eventuation, sets out an active, engaged and agonistic role for research practice. © 2014 by Federal Legal Publications, Inc.},
	author_keywords = {Chemsex; Drug policing; Events; Experiments; Harm reduction; Sniffer dogs},
	correspondence_address = {K. Race; Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney, Australia; email: Kane.race@sydney.edu.au},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	issn = {00914509},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Contemp. Drug Probl.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 47}
}

@ARTICLE{Alasaad2012,
	author = {Alasaad, Samer and Permunian, Roberto and Gakuya, Francis and Mutinda, Matthew and Soriguer, Ramón C. and Rossi, Luca},
	title = {Sarcoptic-mange detector dogs used to identify infected animals during outbreaks in wildlife},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {BMC Veterinary Research},
	volume = {8},
	doi = {10.1186/1746-6148-8-110},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863524460&doi=10.1186%2f1746-6148-8-110&partnerID=40&md5=61eebb8ec6f79064a7134ceac072247f},
	affiliations = {Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland; Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10095, Grugliasco, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Italy; Department of Veterinary and Capture Services, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya; Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n 41092, Spain},
	abstract = {Background: One of the main aims of forensic investigation is the detection and location of people and substances of interest, such as missing people and illegal drugs. Dogs (Canis lupus var. familiaris) have had an important role in legal and forensic investigations for decades; nonetheless canines' keen sense of smell has never been utilized in either the surveillance or control of wildlife diseases. The rapid removal and treatment of infected carcasses and/or sick animals is a key task in the management of infectious diseases, but it is usually difficult or impractical to carry out in the wild.Results: In this paper we report on a study running over a period of 15 years, in which - for the first time to our knowledge - two disease-detector dogs were trained to follow the scent of Sarcoptes-infected animals and to find carcasses, even under the snow, and apparently no false positives were detected in fieldwork. Sarcoptic mange-detector dogs were used to collect the carcasses of 292 mangy wild animals and to identify, separate from their herd, and capture 63 mange-infected wild animals in the Italian Alps.Conclusions: Properly trained disease-detector dogs are an efficient and straightforward tool for surveillance and control of sarcoptic mange in affected wild animal populations. © 2012 Alasaad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
	author_keywords = {Animal conservation; Canis lupus var. familiaris; Disease surveillance; Forensic science; Rupicapra pyrenaica; Sarcoptes scabiei},
	keywords = {Animals; Animals, Wild; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Conservation of Natural Resources; Disease Outbreaks; Dogs; Female; Italy; Male; Population Surveillance; Rupicapra; Scabies; Time Factors; Animalia; Canis familiaris; Canis lupus; Rupicapra; Rupicapra pyrenaica; Sarcoptes; Sarcoptes scabiei; animal; animal disease; article; communicable disease; dog; environmental protection; epidemic; female; health survey; Italy; male; parasitology; Rupicapra; scabies; time; wild animal},
	correspondence_address = {S. Alasaad; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland; email: samer@ebd.csic.es},
	issn = {17466148},
	pmid = {22776804},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {BMC Vet. Res.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 38; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Ock2019301,
	author = {Ock, Sun-A. and Choi, Inchul and Im, Gi-Sun and Yoo, Jae Gyu},
	title = {Whole Blood Transcriptome Analysis for Lifelong Monitoring in Elite Sniffer Dogs Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Cellular Reprogramming},
	volume = {21},
	number = {6},
	pages = {301 – 313},
	doi = {10.1089/cell.2019.0056},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076195268&doi=10.1089%2fcell.2019.0056&partnerID=40&md5=f26c45e7338824bb29970c0067d4c6a5},
	affiliations = {National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea; Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejon, South Korea},
	abstract = {Reproductive cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a valuable method to propagate service dogs with desirable traits because of higher selection rates in cloned dogs. However, incomplete reprogramming is a major barrier to SCNT, and the assessment of reprogramming is limited to preimplantation embryos and tissues from dead and/or adult tissue. Thus, lifelong monitoring in SCNT dogs can be useful to evaluate the SCNT service dogs for propagation. We applied microarray and qRT-PCR to profile of mRNA and miRNA in whole blood samples collected from four cloned dogs (S), three age-matched control dogs (A), and a donor dog (D). In the analysis of differentially expressed genes in S-A, A-D, and S-D pairs, most genomes were completely reprogrammed and rejuvenated in the cloned offspring. However, several RNAs were differentially expressed. Interestingly, the altered genes are associated with aging and senescence. Furthermore, we identified potential biomarkers such as mirR-223 (NFIB; CLIC4), miRN-494 (ARHGEF12), miR-106b (PPP1R3B; CC2D1A), miR-20a (CC2D1A; PPP1R3B), miR-30e (IGJ; HIRA), and miR-19a (TNRC6A) by miRNA-target mRNA pairing for monitoring rejuvenation, aging/senescence, and reprogramming in cloned dogs. The novel comparative transcriptomic information about SCNT and age-matched dogs can be used to assess the lifelong health of cloned dogs and to facilitate the selection of training animals with minimal invasive procedures. © 2019 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.},
	author_keywords = {cloned dog; cloning; dog; genomic rejuvenation; miRNA; SCNT},
	keywords = {Animals; Cloning, Organism; Dogs; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nuclear Transfer Techniques; Transcriptome; biological marker; messenger RNA; microRNA; microRNA 106b; microRNA 20a; mir 19a; mir 30e; mirn 494; mirr 223; transcriptome; unclassified drug; transcriptome; adult; animal cell; animal tissue; Article; blood analysis; blood sampling; cell nucleus transplantation; comparative study; controlled study; detection dog; embryo; gene expression; gene function; gene targeting; genetic analysis; genetic association; hierarchical clustering; Labrador retriever; male; molecular cloning; nonhuman; nuclear reprogramming; preimplantation embryo; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; senescence; service dog; somatic cell nuclear transfer; somatic cell therapy; animal; cloning; dog; female; gene expression profiling; gene expression regulation},
	correspondence_address = {J.G. Yoo; National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, 55365, South Korea; email: vetjack@korea.kr},
	publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert Inc.},
	issn = {21524971},
	pmid = {31633381},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Cell. Reprogramming},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1}
}

@ARTICLE{Suzuki2012141,
	author = {Suzuki, H.},
	title = {Cryopreservation of Canine Embryos and Resulting Pregnancies},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {Reproduction in Domestic Animals},
	volume = {47},
	number = {SUPPL. 6},
	pages = {141 – 143},
	doi = {10.1111/rda.12068},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871693034&doi=10.1111%2frda.12068&partnerID=40&md5=950bae5539dc0cec31d7374623b29633},
	affiliations = {Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan},
	abstract = {Contents: The assisted reproductive techniques used in dogs have strictly limited utility when compared with other mammals. Although successful somatic cell cloning has been reported, artificial insemination by frozen semen has been only readily available method for improved breeding for companion and working dogs. Recently, successful cryopreservation of embryos and subsequent embryo transfer with a non-surgical technique in dog was reported. Application of embryo cryopreservation and transfer technology could contribute to breeding management in companion dogs, working dogs including guide dogs and drug-detecting dogs and quarantine dogs. Such technology would also facilitate the transportation and storage of genetic materials and aid in the elimination of vertically transmitting diseases in the dog. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.},
	keywords = {Animals; Cryopreservation; Dogs; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Canis familiaris; Mammalia; animal; animal disease; animal embryo; article; breeding; clinical trial; cryopreservation; dog; female; physiology; pregnancy; prenatal development},
	correspondence_address = {H. Suzuki; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Nishi 2-13, Japan; email: hisuzuki@obihiro.ac.jp},
	issn = {14390531},
	coden = {RDANE},
	pmid = {23279484},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Reprod. Domest. Anim.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Moser2020179,
	author = {Moser, Ariella Y and Brown, Wendy Y and Bizo, Lewis A and Andrew, Nigel R and Taylor, Michelle K},
	title = {Biosecurity Dogs Detect Live Insects after Training with Odor-Proxy Training Aids: Scent Extract and Dead Specimens},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Chemical Senses},
	volume = {45},
	number = {3},
	pages = {179 – 186},
	doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjaa001},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083907690&doi=10.1093%2fchemse%2fbjaa001&partnerID=40&md5=a7bc59db5e3448feac90a1aab7cf2fe9},
	affiliations = {Canine and Equine Research Group, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia},
	abstract = {Detector dogs could be trained to find invasive insect pests at borders before they establish in new areas. However, without access to the live insects themselves, odor training aids are needed to condition dogs to their scent. This proof-of-concept study assessed 2 potential training aids for insect detection: a scent extract and dead specimens of the target species. Using Musgraveia sulciventris (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) as an experimental model, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to compare the chemical headspaces that make up the odors of live specimens and these 2 training aids. This was then followed by canine scent-detection testing to investigate biosecurity detector dogs' (n = 4) responses to training in an ecologically valid context. Both the scent extract and the dead specimens shared the majority of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with live insects. Of the dogs trained with scent extract (n = 2), both were able to detect the live insects accurately, and of those trained with dead specimens (n = 2), one detected the live insects accurately. These findings lend support for these training aids as odor-proxies for live insects - particularly scent extract, which is a relatively novel product with the potential for broad application to facilitate and improve insect-detection training. © 2020 Crown copyright 2020.},
	author_keywords = {brown marmorated stink bug; canine scent detection; Halyomorpha halys; invasive insect; solvent extract; volatile organic compounds},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hemiptera; Odorants; Smell; Volatile Organic Compounds; Working Dogs; animal extract; insect scent extract; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound; fragrance; volatile organic compound; Article; comparative study; controlled study; detection dog; experimental model; Hemiptera; mass fragmentography; Musgraveia sulciventris; nonhuman; odor proxy training; odor recognition test; olfactory discrimination; priority journal; proof of concept; training; animal; dog; odor; physiology},
	correspondence_address = {A.Y. Moser; Canine and Equine Research Group, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia; email: ariellamoser0@gmail.com},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	issn = {0379864X},
	coden = {CHSED},
	pmid = {31919506},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Chem. Senses},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 17; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Konno2018566,
	author = {Konno, Akitsugu and Inoue-Murayama, Miho and Yabuta, Shinji and Tonoike, Akiko and Nagasawa, Miho and Mogi, Kazutaka and Kikusui, Takefumi},
	title = {Effect of Canine Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism on the Successful Training of Drug Detection Dogs},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Journal of Heredity},
	volume = {109},
	number = {5},
	pages = {566 – 572},
	doi = {10.1093/jhered/esy012},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051232577&doi=10.1093%2fjhered%2fesy012&partnerID=40&md5=b3650bd9507b9cc5bd1f5c5bc7076bea},
	affiliations = {Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Uenohara, Yamanashi, 409-0193, Japan; Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan; Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan; Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan},
	abstract = {Drug detection dogs can be trained to locate various prohibited drugs with targeted odors, and they play an important role in the interdiction of drug smuggling in human society. Recent studies provide the interesting hypothesis that the oxytocin system serves as a biological basis for co-evolution between dogs and humans. Here, we offer the new possibility that genetic variation of the canine oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene may regulate the success of a dog's training to become a drug detection dog. A total of 340 Labrador Retriever dogs that were trained to be drug detection dogs in Japan were analyzed. We genotyped an exonic SNP (rs8679682) in the OXTR gene and compared the training success rate of dogs with different genotypes. We also asked dog trainers in the training facility to evaluate subjective personality assessment scores for each dog and examined how each dog's training success was related to those scores. A significant effect of the OXTR genotype on the success of the dogs' training was found, with a higher proportion of dogs carrying the C allele (T/C and C/C genotypes) being successful candidates than dogs carrying the T/T genotype. Dog personality scores of Training Focus (Factor 1) were positively correlated with an increased likelihood that a dog would successfully complete training. Although the molecular mechanism of the OXTR gene and its functional pathway related to dog behavior remains unknown, our findings suggest that canine OXTR gene variants may regulate individual differences between dogs in their responsiveness to training for drug detection. © 2018 The American Genetic Association. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {dog; gene polymorphism; odor detection; OXTR; oxytocin; training focus},
	keywords = {Alleles; Animals; Dogs; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Oxytocin; Smell; Street Drugs; DNA; oxytocin receptor; oxytocin receptor; street drug; allele; Article; DNA polymorphism; drug determination; female; gene frequency; genetic variation; genotype; Labrador retriever; male; nonhuman; personality assessment; priority journal; single nucleotide polymorphism; training; animal; dog; genetics; human; odor},
	correspondence_address = {A. Konno; Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Uenohara, Yamanashi, 409-0193, Japan; email: akitsugukonno@ntu.ac.jp},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	issn = {00221503},
	coden = {JOHEA},
	pmid = {29538681},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Hered.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 10; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Hughes201791,
	author = {Hughes, Caitlin Elizabeth and Moxham-Hall, Vivienne and Ritter, Alison and Weatherburn, Don and MacCoun, Robert},
	title = {The deterrent effects of Australian street-level drug law enforcement on illicit drug offending at outdoor music festivals},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {41},
	pages = {91 – 100},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.12.018},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010521588&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2016.12.018&partnerID=40&md5=7cb5d2af20fd1093fc2dacd4256738d7},
	affiliations = {Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia; New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Australia; Stanford Law School, United States},
	abstract = {Background Australian and international street-level drug law enforcement deploy many strategies in efforts to prevent or deter illicit drug offending. Limited evidence of deterrence exists. This study assessed the likely impacts of four Australian policing strategies on the incidence and nature of drug use and supply at a common policing target: outdoor music festivals. Methods A purpose-built national online survey (the Drug Policing Survey) was constructed using five hypothetical experimental vignettes that took into account four policing strategies (High Visibility Policing, Riot Policing, Collaborative Policing, and policing with Drug Detection Dogs) and a counter-factual (no police presence). The survey was administered in late 2015 to 2115 people who regularly attend festivals. Participants were block-randomised to receive two vignettes and asked under each whether they would use, possess, purchase, give or sell illicit drugs. Results Compared to ‘no police presence’, any police presence led to a 4.6% point reduction in engagement in overall illicit drug offending: reducing in particular willingness to possess or carry drugs into a festival. However, it had minimal or counterproductive impacts on purchasing and supply. For example, given police presence, purchasing of drugs increased significantly within festival grounds. Offending impacts varied between the four policing strategies: Drug Detection Dogs most reduced drug possession but High Visibility Policing most reduced overall drug offending including supply. Multivariate logistic regression showed police presence was not the most significant predictor of offending decisions at festivals. ConclusionConclusion The findings suggest that street-level policing may deter some forms of drug offending at music festivals, but that most impacts will be small. Moreover, it may encourage some perverse impacts such as drug consumers opting to buy drugs within festival grounds rather than carry in their own. We use our findings to highlight trade-offs between the goals of public health promotion and crime control in street-level enforcement. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Deterrence; Drug law enforcement; Supply; Use},
	keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Australia; Decision Making; Dogs; Drug Users; Female; Holidays; Humans; Internet; Law Enforcement; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Music; Police; Street Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; illicit drug; street drug; adult; Article; Australia; controlled study; drug abuse; drug traffic; female; human; law enforcement; male; police; recreation; social control; adolescent; animal; decision making; dog; drug dependence; drug use; Internet; law enforcement; leisure; multivariate analysis; music; procedures; psychology; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; statistical model; supply and distribution; young adult},
	correspondence_address = {C.E. Hughes; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia; email: caitlin.hughes@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {28131615},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 63}
}

@ARTICLE{Ricci202169,
	author = {Ricci, Giovanna and Nittari, Giulio and Campanozzi, Laura Leondina and Feola, Alessandro and Mazzalupi, Giuseppina and Ceglie, Lorenzo and Sirignano, Ascanio},
	title = {Use of detection dogs in forensic investigations: The italian scenario},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine},
	volume = {29},
	number = {1},
	pages = {69 – 73},
	doi = {10.4323/rjlm.2021.69},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111421856&doi=10.4323%2frjlm.2021.69&partnerID=40&md5=aeabfc9ac62755d048a9b556de9412fe},
	affiliations = {University of Camerino, School of Law; Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Center, School of Pharmacological Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Institute of Philosophy of Scientific and Technological Practice (FAST), Rome, Italy; University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Department of Experimental Medicine, Naples, Italy; University of Pisa, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa, Italy},
	abstract = {This paper describes the latest advancements of forensic odorology, a technique that uses canine units to detect forensic evidence at a crime scene. For a long time, dogs’ olfaction has been used to find missing persons, dead bodies, and explosive substances. These dog skills have been further de-veloped to identify olfactory fingerprints at crime scenes. Currently, forensic odorology plays an important role in pyromania and arson investigations, computer and electronic material searches, fugitive location, currency, tobacco and weapon recovery, as well as poaching fighting. During the Scent Detection activity, the dog is trained to detect the smell of a previously imprinted substance (substance odor imprinting). When the dog sniffs traces of a specific substance, it focuses on the track and follows itn to identify the odor source. Thus, the dog will reproduce a previously ac-quired behavioral response to signal the handler the presence of the substance. In this review, we touch upon canine forensic odorology, highlight the most innovative forensic activities carried out with dogs, and discuss how these investigative tools can be used in criminal trials. © 2021 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine.},
	author_keywords = {Crime scene investigation; Detection dogs; Odorology},
	keywords = {cocaine; explosive; illicit drug; methamphetamine; narcotic agent; triphenylphosphine; animal experiment; Article; behavioral science; bomb; cadaver; crime; crime victim; criminalistics; detection dog; forensic evidence; imprinting (psychology); nonhuman; odor; poaching (wildlife crime); pyromania; skill; smelling; tobacco; touch; training; weapon},
	correspondence_address = {A. Feola; University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Department of Experimental Medicine, Naples, Italy; email: alessandro.feola@unicampania.it},
	publisher = {Romanian Legal Medicine Society},
	issn = {12218618},
	coden = {RMLGB},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Rom. J. Leg. Med.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Hubbard202165,
	author = {Hubbard, Justin Wade},
	title = {Detectives, detectors, and drug sniffers: Institutionalizing the drug dog before and after counterinsurgency},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Social History of Alcohol and Drugs},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	pages = {65 – 90},
	doi = {10.1086/712738},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104284256&doi=10.1086%2f712738&partnerID=40&md5=5f06d132058a86d25735419301f915e3},
	affiliations = {Vanderbilt University, United States},
	abstract = {The popularity of drug-sniffing dogs since the 1970s rests on the contributions of a dying technological movement—counterinsurgency science. A comparison of two drug-sniffing dog programs—the Federal Bureau of Narcotics’s detective dog of the 1940s and 1950s, and the Department of Defense’s detector dog of the 1960s and 1970s—documents how federal agents failed to institutionalize drug-sniffing dogs, while Department of Defense researchers succeeded. The disparate outcomes of the two programs illustrate, first, the contingent institutional factors involved in adopting dogs for drug control, and second, the fragile institutional relationships supporting counterinsurgency science and new drug-control strategies after the Vietnam War. © 2021 by The Alcohol and Drugs History Society.},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	issn = {19308418},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Social Hist. Alcohol Drugs},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1}
}

@ARTICLE{Meyers2020,
	author = {Meyers, Alyssa C. and Ellis, Megan M. and Purnell, Julia C. and Auckland, Lisa D. and Meinders, Marvin and Saunders, Ashley B. and Hamer, Sarah A.},
	title = {Selected cardiac abnormalities in Trypanosoma cruzi serologically positive, discordant, and negative working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {BMC Veterinary Research},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1186/s12917-020-02322-6},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082767940&doi=10.1186%2fs12917-020-02322-6&partnerID=40&md5=fab91cf8dee743dd8d704436e011817b},
	affiliations = {Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas AandM University, MS4458, College Station, 77843-4458, TX, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, 80523-1601, CO, United States; National Association of Federal Veterinarians, 1910 Sunderland Pl NW, Washington, 20036, DC, United States},
	abstract = {Background: Chagas disease is increasingly recognized in the southern U.S., where triatomine vectors transmit Trypanosoma cruzi among wildlife and domestic dogs with occasional vector spillover to humans. As in humans, clinical outcome in dogs is variable, ranging from acute death to asymptomatic infections or chronic heart disease. In order to characterize cardiac manifestations of T. cruzi infections, we tracked a cohort of naturally-infected dogs and a matched cohort of uninfected dogs. We hypothesized that selected measures of cardiac disease (abnormal rate, abnormal rhythm, and elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI; a biomarker of cardiac injury)) would occur more commonly in infected than uninfected dogs matched by age, breed, sex and location. In addition to the clearly positive and negative dogs, we specifically tracked dogs with discordant test results across three independent serological assays to gather clinical data that might elucidate the infection status of these animals and inform the utility of the different testing approaches. Results: We placed an ambulatory ECG monitor (Holter) on 48 government working dogs and analyzed 39 successful recordings that met length and quality criteria from 17 T. cruzi-infected, 18 uninfected dogs and 4 dogs with discordant results. Overall, 76.5% of positive, 100.0% of discordant, and 11.1% of negative dogs showed > 1 ECG abnormality (p < 0.0001), and positive and discordant dogs had a higher mean number of different types of ECG abnormalities than negative dogs (p < 0.001-0.014). The most common cardiac abnormalities included supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and atrioventricular block. Positive dogs had higher serum concentrations of cTnI than both negative dogs (p = 0.044) and discordant dogs (p = 0.06). Based on dog handler reports, nearly all (4/5; 80%) dogs with reported performance decline or fatigue were T. cruzi-infected dogs. Conclusions: Further understanding cardiac manifestations in dogs naturally infected with T. cruzi is critical for prognostication, establishing a baseline for drug and vaccine studies, and better understanding of zoonotic risk. © 2020 The Author(s).},
	author_keywords = {Cardiac troponin I; Chagas disease; Dog; Electrocardiogram; Epidemiology; Zoonotic disease},
	keywords = {Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chagas Disease; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Female; Heart Diseases; Male; Serologic Tests; Texas; Troponin I; Trypanosoma cruzi; troponin I; animal experiment; Article; atrioventricular block; Chagas disease; clinical outcome; cohort analysis; controlled study; dog; ECG abnormality; electrocardiography; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; follow up; heart arrhythmia; heart disease; heart rate; heart ventricle tachycardia; Holter monitoring; male; Mexico; nonhuman; prevalence; real time polymerase chain reaction; serology; sinus arrest; tachycardia; Trypanosoma cruzi; ventricular arrythmias; veterinary medicine; ambulatory electrocardiography; animal; blood; Chagas disease; complication; dog disease; heart arrhythmia; heart disease; isolation and purification; parasitology; serology; Texas},
	correspondence_address = {S.A. Hamer; Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas AandM University, MS4458, College Station, 77843-4458, United States; email: SHamer@cvm.tamu.edu},
	publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
	issn = {17466148},
	pmid = {32228593},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {BMC Vet. Res.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 10; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Sales2020,
	author = {Sales, Kamila Gaudêncio Da Silva and Miranda, Débora Elienai De Oliveira and Paiva, Marcelo Henrique Santos and Figueredo, Luciana Aguiar and Otranto, Domenico and Dantas-Torres, Filipe},
	title = {Fast multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dog and human blood and Leishmania parasites in sand flies},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Parasites and Vectors},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1186/s13071-020-3994-6},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083812093&doi=10.1186%2fs13071-020-3994-6&partnerID=40&md5=d0b82dcc200a9106ccc9c261e42f87ba},
	affiliations = {Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil; Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran},
	abstract = {Background: The blood-feeding behaviour of female sand flies may increase their likelihood of acquiring and transmitting Leishmania parasites. Studies on the host usage by these insects may thus improve our understanding of the Leishmania transmission risk in leishmaniasis-endemic areas. Here, we developed a fast multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dog, human and Leishmania DNA in sand flies. Methods: Primers and TaqMan probes targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b genes of dog and human, respectively, were combined in a multiplex assay, which also includes primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the Leishmania minicircle kinetoplast DNA. Results: The multiplex assay was 100% specific, with analytical sensitivities of 103 fg/reaction for dog and human and 1 fg for Leishmania. By testing field-collected engorged female sand flies (95 Migonemyia migonei and two Nyssomyia intermedia), 50 M. migonei were positive for one or two targets (positivity rates: 45.4% for human, 4.1% for dog and 12.4% for Leishmania DNA). Conclusions: This multiplex real-time PCR assay represents a novel fast assay for detecting dog, human and Leishmania DNA in female sand flies and therefore a tool for assessing the risk of Leishmania transmission to these hosts in areas of active transmission. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020 The Author(s).},
	author_keywords = {Blood meal; Brazil; Phlebotomine sand flies; Real-time PCR},
	keywords = {Animals; Cyclooxygenase 1; DNA Primers; DNA, Kinetoplast; Dogs; Female; Humans; Insect Proteins; Insect Vectors; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Psychodidae; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; cytochrome b; cytochrome c oxidase; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; DNA; unclassified drug; cyclooxygenase 1; insect protein; kinetoplast DNA; primer DNA; PTGS1 protein, human; Article; blood; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; dog; female; human; kinetoplast; Leishmania; Migonemyia migonei; mitochondrion; multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction; nonhuman; Nyssomyia intermedia; parasite identification; parasite transmission; Phlebotominae; sensitivity and specificity; animal; dog; genetics; insect vector; Leishmania; leishmaniasis; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; parasitology; procedures; Psychodidae; time factor; veterinary medicine},
	correspondence_address = {F. Dantas-Torres; Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil; email: filipe.dantas@cpqam.fiocruz.br},
	publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
	issn = {17563305},
	pmid = {32312319},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Parasites Vectors},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Francis2019,
	author = {Francis, Vanquilla Shellman and Holness, Howard K. and Furton, Kenneth G.},
	title = {The ability of narcotic detection canines to detect illegal synthetic cathinones (bath salts)},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science},
	volume = {6},
	number = {APR},
	doi = {10.3389/fvets.2019.00098},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065139309&doi=10.3389%2ffvets.2019.00098&partnerID=40&md5=d575e7ad932dd8a3cdc351fcebd6a7ff},
	affiliations = {Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States},
	abstract = {Twelve certified narcotic detection canines were tested for their ability to detect confiscated illegal synthetic cathinones (bath salts). These canine teams were randomly assigned to two different groups and each group imprinted on one of two types of bath salts, ethylone and alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), over the period of 1 month; while simultaneously documenting the imprinting procedure. The newly imprinted canines were validated by field testing and found to not only detect the imprinted bath salt to which they were trained, but they were able to detect other bath salts. The imprinting procedure and results are the first scientifically validated studies on the ability of canines to detect these harmful and illegal substances. Analytical headspace analysis using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) on several ethylone and α-PVP samples revealed compounds common in both. These compounds can be used to create a safe and reliable synthetic cathinone mimic training aid for canine teams. © 2019 Shellman Francis, Holness and Furton.},
	author_keywords = {Bath salt; Canines; Cathinones; Training; Volatiles organic compounds},
	keywords = {cannabis; cathinone; cocaine; diamorphine; methamphetamine; midomafetamine; volatile organic compound; alertness; Article; controlled study; detection dog; drug determination; imprinting (psychology); nonhuman; odor; outcome assessment; reinforcement; single blind procedure; solid phase microextraction; training},
	correspondence_address = {K.G. Furton; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, United States; email: furtonk@fiu.edu},
	publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
	issn = {22971769},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Front. Vet. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 7; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Alves2018123,
	author = {Alves, João CA. and dos Santos, Ana MMP. and Fernandes, Ângelo DP.},
	title = {Evaluation of the effect of mesotherapy in the management of back pain in police working dog},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	pages = {123 – 128},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vaa.2017.07.006},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044387540&doi=10.1016%2fj.vaa.2017.07.006&partnerID=40&md5=b6fb49b84011f9dbfaa6972ac66ef27d},
	affiliations = {Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Rua Presidente Arriaga, Lisbon, Portugal; CINAMIL – Military Academy Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal; Vale Referrals, the Animal Hospital, Stinchcombe, Dursley, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of mesotherapy in dogs compared with a positive control group. Study design: Experimental, randomized, blinded study. Animals: Fifteen working police dogs with chronic back pain. Methods: Animals were divided randomly into control (CG; n = 5) and treatment groups (TG; n = 10). A combination of 140 mg lidocaine, 15 mg dexamethasone and 20 mg thiocolchicoside was administered to group TG along with a 70-day course of a placebo, administered as if it was carprofen. Carprofen was administered to Group CG for 70 days, at a dose adjusted to their weight. On day 0, an intradermal injection of Ringer's lactate was also administered. Both groups were rested for 3 days and resumed normal activity over a 5-day period. Response to treatment, measured by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (HVAS), was evaluated before treatment (T0), after 15 days (T1) and 1 (T2), 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5) and 5 (T6) months. Results were compared using a Mann–Whitney test or a paired samples t test. Results: When comparing CBPI results, no differences were found between groups TG and CG at T0 through T3 and in T6 and T7. Differences were observed in CBPI sections after the discontinuation of carprofen: at T4 [p = 0.02 for Pain Interference Score (PIS) and p = 0.03 for Pain Severity Score (PSS)] and T5 (p = 0.16 for PIS and p = 0.03 for PSS), with group TG having overall better results. Individual treatment results were considered successful in one dog of group CG (20%), whereas in group TG, success was higher (ranging from 78% at T1 to 22% at T7). No significant differences were registered with the HVAS. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Mesotherapy may be a promising treatment option for canine musculoskeletal-related pain. Further studies are required. © 2017 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia},
	author_keywords = {Canine Brief Pain Inventory; chronic pain; dog; Hudson Visual Analogue Scale; mesotherapy},
	keywords = {Analgesics; Animals; Back Pain; Carbazoles; Colchicine; Dexamethasone; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Lidocaine; Male; Mesotherapy; Pain Measurement; Police; carprofen; dexamethasone; lidocaine; thiocolchicoside; analgesic agent; carbazole derivative; colchicine; dexamethasone; lidocaine; algorithm; Article; backache; controlled study; dog; female; male; mesotherapy; nonhuman; police; prostate carcinoma; quality of life; questionnaire; analogs and derivatives; animal; backache; combination drug therapy; dog disease; pain measurement; procedures; randomized controlled trial; veterinary},
	correspondence_address = {J.C. Alves; Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Portugal; email: alves.jca@gnr.pt},
	publisher = {Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia},
	issn = {14672987},
	pmid = {29222031},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Anaesth. Analg.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 14}
}

@ARTICLE{Cantos-Barreda201754,
	author = {Cantos-Barreda, Ana and Escribano, Damián and Bernal, Luis J. and Cerón, José J. and Martínez-Subiela, Silvia},
	title = {Quantification of anti-Leishmania antibodies in saliva of dogs},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {242},
	pages = {54 – 58},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.017},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020048352&doi=10.1016%2fj.vetpar.2017.05.017&partnerID=40&md5=21ae54ea38a0be6c7f289a41baa676b1},
	affiliations = {Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain},
	abstract = {Detection of serum anti-Leishmania antibodies by quantitative or qualitative techniques has been the most used method to diagnose Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL). Nevertheless, saliva may represent an alternative to blood because it is easy to collect, painless and non-invasive in comparison with serum. In this study, two time-resolved immunofluorometric assays (TR-IFMAs) for quantification of anti-Leishmania IgG2 and IgA antibodies in saliva were developed and validated and their ability to distinguish Leishmania-seronegative from seropositive dogs was evaluated. The analytical study was performed by evaluation of assay precision, sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, serum from 48 dogs (21 Leishmania-seropositive and 27 Leishmania-seronegative) were analyzed by TR-IFMAs. The assays were precise, with an intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation lower than 11%, and showed high level of accuracy, as determined by linearity under dilution (R2 = 0.99) and recovery tests (>88.60%). Anti-Leishmania IgG2 antibodies in saliva were significantly higher in the seropositive group compared with the seronegative (p < 0.0001), whereas no significant differences for anti-Leishmania IgA antibodies between both groups were observed. Furthermore, TR-IFMA for quantification of anti-Leishmania IgG2 antibodies in saliva showed higher differences between seropositive and seronegative dogs than the commercial assay used in serum. In conclusion, TR-IFMAs developed may be used to quantify anti-Leishmania IgG2 and IgA antibodies in canine saliva with an adequate precision, analytical sensitivity and accuracy. Quantification of anti-Leishmania IgG2 antibodies in saliva could be potentially used to evaluate the humoral response in CanL. However, IgA in saliva seemed not to have diagnostic value for this disease. For future studies, it would be desirable to evaluate the ability of the IgG2 assay to detect dogs with subclinical disease or with low antibody titers in serum and also to study the antibodies behaviour in saliva during the treatment of CanL. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Canine leishmaniosis; Diagnosis; IgA; IgG2; Saliva; TR-IFMA},
	keywords = {Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluoroimmunoassay; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Protozoan Proteins; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; immunoglobulin A antibody; immunoglobulin G antibody; immunoglobulin G2 antibody; protozoon antibody; unclassified drug; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; K39 antigen, Leishmania; parasite antigen; protozoal protein; protozoon antibody; antibody detection; Article; controlled study; diagnostic value; dilution; dog; dog breed; dog disease; humoral immunity; immunoassay; Leishmania; leishmaniasis; limit of detection; measurement accuracy; nonhuman; quantitative analysis; saliva level; sensitivity analysis; serology; two time resolved immunofluorometric assay; validation study; animal; chemistry; dog; dog disease; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluoroimmunoassay; immunology; leishmaniasis; metabolism; parasitology; saliva; sensitivity and specificity; veterinary},
	correspondence_address = {J.J. Cerón; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Espinardo, Spain; email: jjceron@um.es},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {03044017},
	coden = {VPARD},
	pmid = {28606325},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Parasitol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 16}
}

@ARTICLE{Kesici2019265,
	author = {Kesici, Gülin Gökçen and Karataş, A. and Ünlü, İ. and Tutkun, E.},
	title = {Occupational allergy to dog among police dog trainers},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {6},
	pages = {265 – 272},
	doi = {10.23822/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.102},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074554237&doi=10.23822%2fEurAnnACI.1764-1489.102&partnerID=40&md5=c8302dc4f97a791be5056752eff8d9a9},
	affiliations = {Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Department of ENT, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Department of ENT, Ankara, Turkey; Başkent University, Department of Dermatology, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Ankara, Turkey; Düzce University, Department of ENT, Düzce, Turkey; Bozok University, Department of Toxicology, Yozgat, Turkey; Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey},
	abstract = {This study was aimed to reveal the prevalence of dog allergy and other common allergy and allergic symptoms in police dog trainers. Fifty-six police dog trainers and 150 workers as control group were included in this study. Medical records of dog trainers including respiratory, skin, eye symptoms and physical examinations and skin prick test results are compared with the medical records of control group. Positive SPT to dog was present in 21.4% of dog trainers, whereas the frequency of sensitization to dog in the control group was 1.3% (p < 0.001). Dog allergy development risk is found 20 times greater in dog trainers than control group. In multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that atopy was associated with dog allergy likelihood. Sensitization to dog allergens is an important occupational problem for dog trainers. © 2019, EDRA S.p.A. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Allergic rhinitis; Animal allergy; Atopy; Sensitization; Skin prick test},
	keywords = {Adult; Animal Fur; Animals; Dogs; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Male; Occupational Diseases; Police; Skin Tests; allergen; dog allergen; unclassified drug; adult; allergic asthma; allergy; Article; atopy; conjunctivitis; controlled study; dog allergy; eye examination; family history; female; human; major clinical study; male; medical record; named groups by occupation; nonhuman; occupational allergy; physical examination; police dog trainer; prevalence; prick test; respiratory system; rhinitis; skin; skin sensitization; statistically significant result; symptomatology; worker; animal; dog; fur; immediate type hypersensitivity; immunology; occupational disease; police; procedures; skin test},
	correspondence_address = {G.G. Kesici; Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Çankaya, 06800, Turkey; email: gulingokcenmd@gmail.com},
	publisher = {EDRA S.p.A},
	issn = {17641489},
	coden = {EAACA},
	pmid = {31287261},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Eur. Ann. Allergy Clinical Immunol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Corley2013246,
	author = {Corley, Pamela C.},
	title = {Legal note: Drug-sniffing dogs and the fourth amendment: Florida v. Jardines (2013)},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {Justice System Journal},
	volume = {34},
	number = {2},
	pages = {246 – 248},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884892809&partnerID=40&md5=0f064ff5c2f18896e5983da6d83f8d0f},
	affiliations = {Department of Political Science, Southern Methodist University, United States},
	correspondence_address = {P.C. Corley; Department of Political Science, Southern Methodist University, United States; email: pccorley@smu.edu},
	issn = {0098261X},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Justice Syst. J.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Panebianco2017138,
	author = {Panebianco, Concetta and Kelman, Edgar and Vene, Kristel and Gioffreda, Domenica and Tavano, Francesca and Vilu, Raivo and Terracciano, Fulvia and Pata, Illar and Adamberg, Kaarel and Andriulli, Angelo and Pazienza, Valerio},
	title = {Cancer sniffer dogs: How can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine},
	volume = {56},
	number = {1},
	pages = {138 – 146},
	doi = {10.1515/cclm-2016-1158},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037153597&doi=10.1515%2fcclm-2016-1158&partnerID=40&md5=b08deb8a537fc496b626e6c0388b4333},
	affiliations = {Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, viale dei Cappuccini n.1, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy; Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia},
	abstract = {Identification of cancer biomarkers to allow early diagnosis is an urgent need for many types of tumors, whose prognosis strongly depends on the stage of the disease. Canine olfactory testing for detecting cancer is an emerging field of investigation. As an alternative, here we propose to use GC-Olfactometry (GC/O), which enables the speeding up of targeted biomarker identification and analysis. A pilot study was conducted in order to determine odor-active compounds in urine that discriminate patients with gastrointestinal cancers from control samples (healthy people). Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC/MS and GC-olfactometry (GC/O) analysis were performed on urine samples obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients and healthy controls. In total, 91 key odor-active compounds were found in the urine samples. Although no odor-active biomarkers present were found in cancer carrier's urine, significant differences were discovered in the odor activities of 11 compounds in the urine of healthy and diseased people. Seven of above mentioned compounds were identified: thiophene, 2-methoxythiophene, dimethyl disulphide, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-(or 5-)methyl-3-hexanone, 4-ethyl guaiacol and phenylacetic acid. The other four compounds remained unknown. GC/O has a big potential to identify compounds not detectable using untargeted GC/MS approach. This paves the way for further research aimed at improving and validating the performance of this technique so that the identified cancer-associated compounds may be introduced as biomarkers in clinical practice to support early cancer diagnosis. © 2018 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.},
	author_keywords = {cancer sniffer dogs; gastrointestinal cancer; VOC},
	keywords = {Aged; Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Clinical Medicine; Dogs; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olfactometry; Pilot Projects; Solid Phase Microextraction; 2 methoxythiophene; 3 methyl 2 pentanone; 4 ethylguaiacol; 4 methyl 2 pentanone; 4 methyl 3 hexanone; 5 methyl 3 hexanone; biological marker; cyclohexane derivative; dimethyl disulfide; guaiacol; phenylacetic acid; thiophene; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound; tumor marker; aged; Article; cancer diagnosis; cancer patient; clinical article; controlled study; detection dog; digestive system cancer; female; gas chromatography; human; male; mass fragmentography; olfactometry; pilot study; priority journal; solid phase microextraction; urinalysis; animal; case control study; clinical medicine; dog; gastrointestinal tumor; middle aged; physiology; procedures; urine},
	correspondence_address = {V. Pazienza; Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), viale dei Cappuccini n.1, 71013, Italy; email: pazienza_valerio@yahoo.it},
	publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
	issn = {14346621},
	coden = {CCLMF},
	pmid = {28590915},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 5}
}

@ARTICLE{Haun2019,
	author = {Haun, Brien K. and Kamara, Varney and Dweh, Abigail S. and Garalde-Machida, Kianalei and Forkay, Saymajunkon S. E. and Takaaze, Melissa and Namekar, Madhuri and Wong, Teri Ann S. and Bell-Gam Woto, Ayesha E. R. and Humphreys, Peter and Weeks, Ophelia I. and Fallah, Mosoka P. and Berestecky, John M. and Nerurkar, Vivek R. and Lehrer, Axel T.},
	title = {Serological evidence of Ebola virus exposure in dogs from affected communities in Liberia: A preliminary report},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
	volume = {13},
	number = {7},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0007614},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071229704&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pntd.0007614&partnerID=40&md5=dfc1be1587815f4e5e31bc29d60e0157},
	affiliations = {Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Medical Science, TJR Faulkner College of Science and Technology, University of Liberia, Fendall, Liberia; Leon Quist Ledlum Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Liberia, Fendall, Liberia; Kapiolani Community College, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia},
	abstract = {Filoviruses such as Ebola virus (EBOV) cause outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers for which no FDA-approved vaccines or drugs are available. The 2014–2016 EBOV outbreak in West Africa infected approximately 30,000 people, killing more than 11,000 and affecting thousands more in areas still suffering from the effects of civil wars. Sierra Leone and Liberia reported EBOV cases in every county demonstrating the efficient spread of this highly contagious virus in the well-connected societies of West Africa. In communities, canines are often in contact with people while scavenging for food, which may include sickly bush animals or, as reported from the outbreak, EBOV infected human bodies and excrement. Therefore, dogs may serve as sentinel animals for seroprevalence studies of emerging infectious viruses. Further, due to their proximity to humans, they may have important One Health implications while offering specimens, which may be easier to obtain than human serum samples. Previous reports on detecting EBOV exposure in canines have been limited. Herein we describe a pilot project to detect IgG-responses directed against multiple filovirus and Lassa virus (LASV) antigens in dogs from EBOV affected communities in Liberia. We used a multiplex Luminex-based microsphere immunoassay (MIA) to detect dog IgG binding to recombinant filovirus antigens or LASV glycoprotein (GP) in serum from dogs that were old enough to be present during the EBOV outbreak. We identified 47 (73%) of 64 dog serum samples as potentially exposed to filoviruses and up to 100% of the dogs from some communities were found to have elevated levels of EBOV antigen-binding IgG titers. The multiplex MIA described in this study provides evidence for EBOV IgG antibodies present in dogs potentially exposed to the virus during the 2014–16 outbreak in Liberia. These data support the feasibility of canines as EBOV sentinels and provides evidence that seroprevalence studies in dogs can be conducted using suitable assays even under challenging field conditions. Further studies are warranted to collect data and to define the role canines may play in transmission or detection of emerging infectious diseases. © 2019 Haun et al.},
	keywords = {Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Dogs; Ebolavirus; Female; Immunoassay; Liberia; Male; Microspheres; Pilot Projects; Sentinel Species; Seroepidemiologic Studies; immunoglobulin G; magplex c; microsphere; protein VP40; recombinant antigen; virus glycoprotein; virus nucleoprotein; virus antibody; antibody titer; Article; controlled study; disease surveillance; dog; Ebola hemorrhagic fever; Ebolavirus; Filovirus; fluorescence; immunoassay; immunogenicity; immunoreactivity; Lassa virus; Liberia; Marburgvirus; multiplex microsphere immunoassay; nonhuman; sensitivity and specificity; serology; seroprevalence; virus diagnosis; animal; blood; Ebolavirus; female; immunology; isolation and purification; male; pilot study; sentinel species; seroepidemiology; veterinary medicine; virology},
	correspondence_address = {A.T. Lehrer; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, United States; email: lehrer@hawaii.edu},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	issn = {19352727},
	pmid = {31329600},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Siqueira2023,
	author = {Siqueira, Williane Fernanda and Cardoso, Mariana Santos and Fraga, Vanessa Gomes and Ottino, Jennifer and Ribeiro, Vitor Márcio and Gondim, Carolina Novato and Barçante, Joziana Muniz de Paiva and Gomes, Ana Carolina Amado and Galdino, Alexsandro Sobreira and Eersels, Kasper and van Grinsven, Bart and Bartholomeu, Daniella Castanheira and Bueno, Lilian Lacerda and Cleij, Thomas and Fujiwaraid, Ricardo Toshio},
	title = {Immunogenic mapping of rDyn-1 and rKDDR-plus proteins and selection of oligopeptides by immunoblotting for the diagnosis of Leishmania infantum-infected dogs},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
	volume = {17},
	number = {8 August},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0011535},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168428334&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pntd.0011535&partnerID=40&md5=ba2969f72aa9138399cf6cc33e7e1390},
	affiliations = {Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Faculty of Science and Engineering of Maastricht University, Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands; Veterinary School, Pontificial Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Betim, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, (MG), Lavras, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Brazil},
	abstract = {Endemic in Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic infection that is among the most important parasitic diseases transmitted by vectors. Dogs are the main reservoirs of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and their identification is used in some countries as part of disease prevention and control measures in the canine and human population. In this context, serological tests are necessary, composed of antigens capable of correctly identifying infected dogs, minimizing the number of false-negative cases. This study aimed to identify more immunoreactive peptides derived from two previously described whole proteins (rDyn-1 and rKDDR-plus) and compare their performance to the control antigens rK39 and the crude extract for the detection of dogs infected with L. infantum, especially the asymptomatic ones. The three selected peptides and a mixture of them, along with the rDyn-1, rKDDR-plus, rK39, and crude extract antigens were evaluated using indirect ELISA with sera samples from 186 dogs with CanL, being asymptomatic (n = 50), symptomatic (n = 50), co-infected (n = 19), infected with Babesia sp. (n = 7), Ehrlichia sp. (n = 6), T. cruzi (n = 20) and uninfected (n = 34). The results showed that the rDyn-1 protein and the peptide mixture had the highest sensitivity (100% and 98.32%, respectively) and specificity (97.01 and 98.51, respectively). A high degree of kappa agreement was found for rDyn-1 protein (0.977), mixed peptides (0.965), rKDDR-plus protein (0.953), K-plus peptide 1 (0.930) and Dyn-1 peptide (0.893). The mixture of peptides showed the highest likelihood (65.87). The ELISA using the mixture of peptides and the rDyn-1 protein showed high performance for CanL ser-odiagnosis. More mix combinations of the peptides and additional extended field tests with a larger sample size are recommended. © 2023 Siqueira et al.},
	keywords = {Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Chagas Disease; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Immunoblotting; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; cellulose; oligopeptide; protein; rDyn 1; rKDDR plus; unclassified drug; oligopeptide; parasite antigen; peptide; protozoon antibody; alopecia; amino acid sequence; animal experiment; Article; blood sampling; body weight loss; Chagas disease; controlled study; detection dog; diagnostic test accuracy study; DNA extraction; dog; eczema; ehrlichiosis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; gene mapping; hepatomegaly; hyperkeratosis; hyperthermia; immunoassay; immunoblotting; immunogenic mapping; immunogenicity; indirect ELISA; keratoconjunctivitis; Leishmania infantum; Leishmania infantum infection; lymphadenopathy; male; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; nonhuman; paresis; peptide synthesis; piroplasmosis; real time polymerase chain reaction; sample size; sensitivity and specificity; serodiagnosis; serology; skin ulcer; splenomegaly; Trypanosoma cruzi; animal; Chagas disease; dog; dog disease; human; immunoblotting; Leishmania infantum; procedures; veterinary medicine; visceral leishmaniasis},
	correspondence_address = {R.T. Fujiwaraid; Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; email: fujiwara@icb.ufmg.br},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	issn = {19352727},
	pmid = {37540724},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Matsumoto2023,
	author = {Matsumoto, Yuki and Konno, Akitsugu and Ishihara, Genki and Inoue-Murayama, Miho},
	title = {Genetic dissection of behavioral traits related to successful training of drug detection dogs},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-33638-6},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85158844318&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-023-33638-6&partnerID=40&md5=cedfd935aebcfc1c6e08002642cecb13},
	affiliations = {Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Yokohama, 231-0033, Japan; Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Yamanashi, Uenohara, 409-0193, Japan; Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606–8203, Japan},
	abstract = {Drug detection dogs play integral roles in society. However, the interplay between their behaviors and genetic characteristics underlying their performance remains uninvestigated. Herein, more than 120,000 genetic variants were evaluated in 326 German Shepherd or Labrador Retriever dogs to profile the genetic traits associated with various behavioral traits related to the successful training of drug detection dogs. Behavioral breed differences were observed in ‘friendliness to humans’ and ‘tolerance to dogs.’ A genome-wide association study within both breeds identified 11 regions potentially associated with drug detection dog characteristics as well as ‘interest in the target’ and ‘friendliness to humans,’ which are related to drug detection abilities. Among them, 63 protein-coding genes, including Atat1 and Pfn2 known to be associated with anxiety-related or exploration behavior in mice, respectively, were located surrounding the identified candidate polymorphisms. This study highlights genetic characteristics associated with behavioral traits that are important for the successful training of drug detection dogs. Thus, these findings may facilitate improved breeding and training of these dogs. © 2023, The Author(s).},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Exploratory Behavior; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Mice; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Profilins; Working Dogs; PFN2 protein, human; profilin; animal; dog; exploratory behavior; genetic polymorphism; genome-wide association study; human; mouse; phenotype; working dog},
	correspondence_address = {M. Inoue-Murayama; Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606–8203, Japan; email: murayama.miho.5n@kyoto-u.ac.jp},
	publisher = {Nature Research},
	issn = {20452322},
	pmid = {37147374},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Sci. Rep.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Grigg201889,
	author = {Grigg, Jodie and Barratt, Monica J. and Lenton, Simon},
	title = {Drug detection dogs at Australian outdoor music festivals: Deterrent, detection and iatrogenic effects},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {60},
	pages = {89 – 95},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.08.002},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052641015&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2018.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=56e0c29303bb50483746e4c0fb0360a3},
	affiliations = {National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia},
	abstract = {Background: Recent drug-related deaths at Australian music festivals have led to increasing concern about the risk of future harm, but contention about how to effectively respond. One hotly debated strategy has been the use of drug detection dogs which currently operate at festivals across Australia, despite claims they are ineffective and contribute to risky drug use practices. This paper aims to investigate responses to the expected presence, and sightings, of drug dogs at the last festival attended. Methods: An anonymous online survey was completed by almost 2000 Australian festival-goers. The largest subsample used in the analyses for this paper (n = 647) was 59% male and had a median age of 20 (IQR = 18–22). Results: Of those who expected dogs to be present at their last festival (n = 647), only 4% reported that this threat led them to decide not to take drugs. Other responses included: concealing their drugs well (48%), getting someone else to carry their drugs (15%), buying their drugs inside (11%), taking less easily detected drugs (10%) and taking drugs before entering (7%). Of those who carried drugs in (n = 418), 10% concealed them internally and 1% swallowed them to retrieve inside. Of those who had drugs on their person when seeing a dog (n = 189), 10% reported consuming drugs in response. No respondents reported being detected with drugs due to a positive identification. Conclusion: Almost all festival-goers surveyed did not report being deterred from drug usage by the expected presence of drug dogs. Instead, a variety of alternative responses to avoid detection were reported, many of which could place festival-goers at greater risk of experiencing drug-related harms. In the face of mounting evidence of both ineffectiveness and iatrogenic effects, the use of drug detection dogs at Australian music festivals should be urgently reconsidered. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Deterrence; Drug detection dogs; Drug policing; Drug use; Music festivals},
	keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Australia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dogs; Drug Users; Humans; Law Enforcement; Middle Aged; Music; Police; Street Drugs; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; illicit drug; street drug; adult; Article; Australia; dog; drug determination; drug identification; drug use; female; human; male; music; nonhuman; online system; priority journal; recreation; adolescent; animal; cross-sectional study; drug dependence; isolation and purification; law enforcement; middle aged; music; police; procedures; psychology; questionnaire; substance abuse; young adult},
	correspondence_address = {J. Grigg; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia, Perth, GPO Box U1987, 6845, Australia; email: j.grigg@curtin.edu.au},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {30176423},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 21; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Corley2017209,
	author = {Corley, Pamela C.},
	title = {Drug-sniffing Dog in the Shared Hallway of an Apartment Building: Reasonable Expectation of Privacy? United States v. Whitaker (2016)},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Justice System Journal},
	volume = {38},
	number = {2},
	pages = {209 – 210},
	doi = {10.1080/0098261X.2017.1308728},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017099297&doi=10.1080%2f0098261X.2017.1308728&partnerID=40&md5=044738db3dd2279f3cd923cf13f06bde},
	affiliations = {Department of Political Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States},
	correspondence_address = {P.C. Corley; Department of Political Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, 75275, United States; email: pccorley@smu.edu},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd},
	issn = {0098261X},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Justice Syst. J.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{De Brennan2020693,
	author = {De Brennan, Sebastian},
	title = {Dancing away from Reform: The Inquest into the Death of Six Patrons of NSW Music Festivals},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Journal of law and medicine},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	pages = {693 – 706},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084626443&partnerID=40&md5=9bdb61861f41b312404b1737870dd0c5},
	affiliations = {Barrister-at-Law, Seventh Floor Garfield Barwick Chambers (7GBC), Sydney; Sessional Lecturer in Law at the Australian Catholic University and Western Sydney University},
	abstract = {In late 2019, the Deputy State Coroner for New South Wales (NSW), Magistrate Harriet Grahame, handed down her findings in relation to the death of six patrons of NSW music festivals. 179 pages in length, the decision represents a comprehensive attempt to understand recent music festival tragedies. The Coroner found that there was compelling evidence to support initiatives such as pill testing, changing the way festivals are policed (including discontinuing the use of sniffer dogs) and enhancing the overall safety of music festivals. The Coroner also questioned whether, in light of the evidence presented to the Inquest, there is a fundamental need to rethink contemporary approaches to drugs and criminalisation. In its response to date, the NSW Government has rejected the idea of pill testing and indicated that it will continue to use sniffer dogs at music festivals as a drug detection strategy. In one of the few recommendations of the Coroner that it has accepted, the NSW Government has agreed to the use of drug amnesty bins and agreed to a trial of less punitive measures of dealing with more minor drug possession offences via the use of Criminal Infringement Notices.},
	author_keywords = {drug testing; law reform; music festivals; pill testing; sniffer dogs; strip searches},
	keywords = {Animals; Dancing; Dogs; Female; Holidays; Music; New South Wales; Substance Abuse Detection; animal; dancing; dog; female; leisure; music; New South Wales; substance abuse},
	publisher = {NLM (Medline)},
	issn = {1320159X},
	pmid = {32406630},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J Law Med},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2}
}

@ARTICLE{Leite2021471,
	author = {Leite, Lucas Sampaio and Visani, Valeria and Marques, Paulo César Florentino and Seabra, Maria Aparecida Barreto Lopes and Oliveira, Natália Cybelle Lima and Gubert, Priscila and Medeiros, Victor Wanderley Costa de and Albuquerque, Jones Oliveira de and Lima Filho, José Luiz de},
	title = {Design and implementation of an electronic nose system for real-time detection of marijuana},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Instrumentation Science and Technology},
	volume = {49},
	number = {5},
	pages = {471 – 486},
	doi = {10.1080/10739149.2021.1887213},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101006379&doi=10.1080%2f10739149.2021.1887213&partnerID=40&md5=5b712535b0f378749573850d072e9e90},
	affiliations = {Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil; Eduardo Campos Institute of Forensic Genetics (IGFEC), Scientific Police of Pernambuco, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE, Brazil; Statistics and Informatics Department, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil},
	abstract = {Rapid and sensitive identification of illicit drugs has been a challenge and requires new methods. This study proposes a newly developed electronic nose (e-nose) based on commercially available gas sensors to provide a nondestructive, rapid, low cost, and portable solution for in situ detection for marijuana samples. Samples of seized marijuana, pseudo-narcotic marijuana, and cigarettes were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), and successive projection algorithm-linear discriminant analysis (SPA-LDA) were used for exploratory analysis, classification, and the reduction of variables and classification, respectively. The proposed e-nose system achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for classifying the samples by SPA-LDA. This approach reduced the number of variables for classification from 355 to 10. The system further provided real-time detection from an internet-of-things (IoT) architecture. The proposed device showed decentralized, rapid, and accurate measurements and therefore may be an alternative for sniffer dogs or the current in situ screening methods. This device can further be expanded to detect other classes of illicit drugs. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
	author_keywords = {Drug testing; electronic nose; marijuana; sensor array},
	keywords = {Costs; Discriminant analysis; Internet of things; Sensory aids; Signal detection; Design and implementations; Electronic nose (e-nose); Electronic nose systems; Exploratory analysis; Internet of Things (IOT); Linear discriminant analysis; Soft independent modeling of class analogies; Successive projection algorithms; Electronic nose},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
	issn = {10739149},
	coden = {ISCTE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Instrum Sci Technol},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 8}
}

@ARTICLE{Malins201963,
	author = {Malins, Peta},
	title = {Drug dog affects: Accounting for the broad social, emotional and health impacts of general drug detection dog operations in Australia},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {67},
	pages = {63 – 71},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.03.004},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063882644&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2019.03.004&partnerID=40&md5=e0339eb453c779fe52b0ac319d3c8d65},
	affiliations = {Criminology and Justice Studies, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia},
	abstract = {Background: Drug detection dogs are increasingly being deployed by policing agencies in Australia and elsewhere to home in on people carrying illicit drugs in a broad range of social contexts including at music festivals, on public transport and in a range of everyday urban spaces. Significant concerns have been raised about their limited deterrence and detection efficacy and tendency to increase drug-related health harms including overdose. Yet the complex ways in which these effects play out, and the broader impacts they have on social and emotional wellbeing, are not yet well documented. This study builds on a growing body of poststructural critical drug studies research to explore the complex social, emotional and health impacts of drug dog use in these broad social contexts. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 people who had been searched by drug detection dogs at or near music festivals and events, licensed venues and public transport spaces in Australia. Participants were asked about their experiences of being searched, how it impacted upon them in the short and long term, and how it shaped their drug use behaviours, sense of self and social relations, including relations with police. Results: This study supports previous findings that these drug dog operations do not tend to deter people from consuming illicit substances, but instead encourage a range of adaptations that increase the likelihood of health harms including overdose. The rationalities underpinning responses to drug dogs, and the impacts of those responses, are shown to be deeply spatial, temporal, social and embodied. More specifically, drug dog deployment is shown to have significant short and long term impacts on social and emotional wellbeing and can produce deep embodied trauma. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the use of drug dogs in these broad social contexts is based on untenable assumptions about the rationalities of deterrence, is producing substantial harm without evidence of benefit, and should be urgently reconsidered. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Assemblages; Drugs; Festivals; Harm reduction; Health; Police; Sniffer dogs; Trauma},
	keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Australia; Dogs; Drug Users; Emotions; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Police; Qualitative Research; Substance Abuse Detection; Young Adult; illicit drug; adult; Article; Australia; coping behavior; detection dog; drug determination; drug overdose; drug use; emotion; female; health hazard; health impact assessment; human; male; police; priority journal; psychological well-being; psychotrauma; risk benefit analysis; semi structured interview; social aspect; social behavior; social interaction; traffic and transport; urban area; adolescent; animal; dog; health status; middle aged; procedures; psychology; qualitative research; substance abuse; young adult},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {30959411},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 15}
}

@ARTICLE{Villareal2018189,
	author = {Villareal, C.F. and Rojas, J.U. and Ochoa, M.X.},
	title = {Operational impact of canine teams in the fight against drug trafficking in Colombia: review of their contribution, strategies and recent trends; [Impacto operacional de los equipos caninos en la lucha contra el narcotráfico en Colombia: una revisión de la contribución, estrategias y tendencias recientes]},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	pages = {189 – 200},
	doi = {10.20506/rst.37.1.2751},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055078119&doi=10.20506%2frst.37.1.2751&partnerID=40&md5=f88fbe01f6cff72f4002acda9e0d158c},
	abstract = {As part of national and international cooperation to fight the drug-trafficking system, the Colombian National Police (PNC) has created institutional operational synergy to combat organised armed groups. To this end, it uses police service dog and handler teams which are distributed across Colombia in 75 canine units and which are specialised in different policing tasks. The focus of canine teams is to counter actions that undermine peaceful co-existence and citizen security by checking for explosive substances around coca, marijuana and poppy fields. In 2016, these teams discovered 16% of the 12,500 kg of improvised explosive devices, anti-personnel mines and unexploded ordnance (conventional guns and grenades) that were seized by the PNC. In addition, dogs have detected 19% of all controlled substances (cocaine, marijuana, heroin, coca paste and synthetic drugs) seized at ports, airports, land terminals and highways, striking a blow at drug-trafficking structures at all stages, from the illicit cultivation of drugs, through to their production, distribution, sale and use, countering small-scale dealing and the factors associated with drug-related social disorder. It is the responsibility of the PNC Police Service Dog and Handler Training School (ESGAC) to provide a framework for academic endeavour and technological advances aimed at achieving defined strategic roles for dog and handler teams. This involves the genetic selection and breeding of candidate detection dogs, assessment, training, operant conditioning, odour-discrimination during searches, certification, dog/ handler relationship, the dogs' living environment, and animal health, production and welfare management. All of the above is designed to achieve real, effective and successful outcomes when policing with dogs, enshrined within the national government's Vision 2030 project for safe and peaceful communities.; Dans le cadre de la coopération nationale et internationale contre les réseaux de trafic de stupéfiants, la police nationale de Colombie a mis en place une synergie opérationnelle institutionnelle contre les groupes armés organisés. Pour ce faire, elle recourt à des binômes d’intervention (un maître-chien et un chien) répartis en 75 unités cynotechniques sur tout le territoire colombien, spécialisés dans différentes tâches opérationnelles. La contribution des équipes cynotechniques consiste à neutraliser les activités qui menacent la cohabitation et la sécurité des citoyens, en détectant la présence de substances explosives aux alentours des champs de culture de cocaïne, cannabis et pavot, celles-ci ayant représenté 16 % des engins explosifs improvisés, mines antipersonnel et munitions non explosées (fusils et grenades conventionnelles) saisis par la police colombienne en 2016 sur un total de 12 500 kg. De surcroît, les chiens ont détecté 19 % du total des saisies de substances illicites (cocaïne, cannabis, héroïne, dérivés de cocaïne et drogues de synthèse) dans les ports, aéroports, gares routières et routes. Ceci atteint les structures du narcotrafic depuis les cultures illicites jusqu’à la production, la distribution, la commercialisation et la consommation tout en neutralisant le microtrafic ainsi que d’autres facteurs liés à la décomposition sociale due aux drogues. L’École de maîtres-chiens et de dressage de chiens de la Police colombienne prend en charge les efforts de formation ainsi que la recherche technologique afin que les fonctions stratégiques attribuées aux binômes soient réalisées avec succès. Ceci requiert la prise en compte de plusieurs aspects : la sélection génétique, la reproduction, les chiens potentiellement candidats pour être formés à la détection de drogue, l’évaluation, la formation, la gestion comportementale opérationnelle, la capacité de discriminer entre les odeurs lors des recherches, la certification, la relation entre le maître-chien et son chien, l’habitat, la gestion sanitaire et zootechnique ainsi que la protection du bien-être animal. Ces différents aspects sont destinés à garantir l’efficience et l’efficacité des résultats concrets obtenus par les services de la police cynophile dans le cadre de la stratégie institutionnelle 2030 « Pour des communautés sûres et en paix ».; En el marco de la cooperación nacional e internacional contra el sistema del narcotráfico, la policía nacional de Colombia (PNC) establece una sinergia operacional institucional contra los grupos armados organizados (GAO). Para ello, emplea binomios (guía-perro), distribuidos en forma de 75 unidades caninas por todo el territorio colombiano, especializadas en diferentes tareas del servicio. La contribución de los equipos caninos consiste en contrarrestar las acciones que afectan a la convivencia y seguridad ciudadana, controlando sustancias explosivas alrededor de los cultivos de cocaína, marihuana y amapola, en los cuales se ha logrado hallar un 16% de artefactos explosivos improvisados, minas antipersona y munición sin explotar (fusiles y granadas convencionales) de un total de 12 500 kg incautados por la PNC (año 2016). Además, los perros han detectado un 19% del total de las incautaciones de sustancias controladas (cocaína, marihuana, heroína, bazuco y drogas sintéticas) en puertos, aeropuertos, terminales terrestres y carreteras, golpeando así las estructuras narcotraficantes desde los cultivos ilícitos, la producción, la distribución, la comercialización y el consumo, y contrarrestando el microtráfico y los factores asociados a la descomposición social de las drogas. Son responsabilidad de la Escuela de Guías y Adiestramiento Canino de la institución los esfuerzos académicos y avances tecnológicos que propenden a lograr roles estratégicos definidos para los binomios, para los cuales son necesarios la selección genética, la cría, los perros detectores aspirantes, la evaluación, la formación, el manejo comportamental operativo, la discriminación de olores durante la búsqueda, la certificación, la relación guía perro, su hábitat, y el manejo sanitario, zootécnico y relativo al bienestar animal. Todo lo anterior va destinado a lograr resultados efectivos, eficientes y eficaces en el servicio de policía con caninos en el marco de la visión institucional 2030 «Comunidades Seguras y en Paz».},
	author_keywords = {Canine team; Coca paste; Drug-trafficking system; Explosive detection; Narcotic; Police service dog; Seizure; Synthetic drug},
	keywords = {Animals; Colombia; Dogs; Drug and Narcotic Control; Drug Trafficking; Humans; International Cooperation; Police; animal; Colombia; dog; drug control; drug traffic; human; international cooperation; police; prevention and control},
	issn = {02531933},
	pmid = {30209418},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Rev. - Off. Int. Epizoot.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 6}
}

@ARTICLE{Gibbs2023,
	author = {Gibbs, Daisy and King, Cate and Hughes, Caitlin and Peacock, Amy and Grigg, Jodie and Yuen, Wing See and Sutherland, Rachel},
	title = {Comparing police use of drug detection dogs amongst injecting and non-injecting groups of people who regularly use drugs in Australia},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {122},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104223},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173887027&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2023.104223&partnerID=40&md5=b08565160adcf0188c6390908b52259d},
	affiliations = {National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; College of Business, Government, and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia},
	abstract = {Introduction: Drug detection dogs are utilised across multiple settings, however existing literature focuses predominantly on festival-based encounters. We compare drug dog encounters in non-festival settings among two samples of people who regularly use drugs, and investigate factors associated with witness only versus stop and/or search encounters. Methods: Australians who regularly (i.e., ≥monthly) use ecstasy and/or other illegal stimulants (n = 777; Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS)) or inject illegal drugs (n = 862; Illicit Drugs Reporting System (IDRS)) were surveyed between April-June, 2019. Univariable regression analyses were used to test for differences in drug dog encounters between samples, and to identify factors associated with a more intensive drug dog encounter (namely those that involved a stop and/or search). Results: People who inject drugs were less likely to witness drug dogs than those who regularly use ecstasy and/or other illegal stimulants (odds ratio (OR) 0.46; 95 % CI 0.30–0.69). They were significantly more likely than EDRS participants to report being stopped and searched (3.29; 1.68–6.44) however. Among those carrying drugs at their last stop and/or search encounter, the majority of both samples reported that their drugs were not detected by police. IDRS participants aged 35–49 were more likely to report a stop and/or search encounter than those aged 17–34; no significant associations were found among the EDRS sample. Conclusions: Despite participants who use ecstasy and/other stimulants being more likely than those who regularly inject drugs to report encountering drug dogs in non-festival settings, participants who inject drugs were more likely to report an intensive or invasive drug dog encounter and/or receiving a formal criminal justice consequence. This study reinforces questions about the efficacy and appropriateness of drug dog operations. © 2023 The Authors},
	author_keywords = {Drug detection dogs; Drug policing; Harm reduction; Police; Stop and search},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Australians; Dogs; Humans; Illicit Drugs; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Police; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Substance-Related Disorders; Working Dogs; illicit drug; midomafetamine; opiate; illicit drug; midomafetamine; adolescent; adult; Article; Australia; controlled study; criminal justice; detection dog; drug dependence; drug detection dog; female; harm reduction; human; injection drug user; major clinical study; male; mental health; middle aged; nonhuman; police; public policy; witness; animal; Australia; Australian; dog; drug dependence; epidemiology; substance abuse; working dog},
	correspondence_address = {D. Gibbs; Randwick, 22-32 King Street, 2052; email: daisy.gibbs@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {37844521},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Autio201414002,
	author = {Autio, Karoliina and Knuuttila, Anna and Kipar, Anja and Pesonen, Sari and Guse, Kilian and Parviainen, Suvi and Rajamäki, Minna and Laitinen-Vapaavuori, Outi and Vähä-Koskela, Markus and Kanerva, Anna and Hemminki, Akseli},
	title = {Safety and biodistribution of a double-deleted oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding CD40 ligand in laboratory Beagles},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {Molecular Therapy Oncolytics},
	volume = {1},
	pages = {14002},
	doi = {10.1038/mto.2014.2},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006131578&doi=10.1038%2fmto.2014.2&partnerID=40&md5=763362c20581f4ff70c8afef9f41bdff},
	affiliations = {Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland},
	abstract = {We evaluated adverse events, biodistribution and shedding of oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding CD40 ligand in two Beagles, in preparation for a phase 1 trial in canine cancer patients. Dog 1 received one dose of vaccinia virus and was euthanized 24 hours afterwards, while dog 2 received virus four times once weekly and was euthanized 7 days after that. Dogs were monitored for adverse events and underwent a detailed postmortem examination. Blood, saliva, urine, feces, and organs were collected for virus detection. Dog 1 had mild fever and lethargy while dog 2 experienced a possible seizure 5.5 hours after first virus administration. Viral DNA declined quickly in the blood after virus administration in both dogs but was still detectable 1 week later by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Only samples taken directly after virus infusion contained infectious virus. Small amounts of viral DNA, but no infectious virus, were detected in a few saliva and urine samples. Necropsies did not reveal any relevant pathological changes and virus DNA was detected mainly in the spleen. The dogs in the study did not have cancer, and thus adverse events could be more common and viral load higher in dogs with tumors which allow viral amplification. © 2014 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.},
	keywords = {albumin; alkaline phosphatase; CD40 ligand; oncolytic virus; vaccinia vaccine; virus DNA; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; autopsy; cancer immunization; controlled study; drug distribution; drug safety; experimental dog; experimental neoplasm; fever; infusion; lethargy; nonhuman; oncolytic virotherapy; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; quantitative analysis; seizure; virus detection; virus shedding},
	correspondence_address = {A. Hemminki; Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; email: akseli.hemminki@helsinki.fi},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {23727705},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Mol. Ther. Oncolytics},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Grandjean2022216,
	author = {Grandjean, Par Dominique and Gallet, Capucine and Julien, Clothilde and Blondot, Marc and Bacqué, Hélène},
	title = {NOSAIS-COVID-19 ¨ AND BIOMEDICAL DETECTION DOGS: AN UNTAPPED POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN PANDEMIC OR BIOTERRORIST SITUATIONS…; [LA DÉTECTION BIOMÉDICALE CANINE: UN POTENTIEL INEXPLOITÉ DANS LA GESTION IMMÉDIATE DES CRISES ÉPI/PANDÉMIQUES ET BIOTERRORISTES… APPLICATION A LA COVID-19 DANS LE CADRE DU PROGRAMME NOSAÏS]},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Bulletin de l'Academie Veterinaire de France},
	number = {175},
	pages = {216 – 230},
	doi = {10.3406/bavf.2022.71013},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188149365&doi=10.3406%2fbavf.2022.71013&partnerID=40&md5=69773c132019084ed558d58173395aa6},
	affiliations = {Programme NOSAÏS, Unité de Médecine de l’Élevage et du Sport, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris Est, MAISONS ALFORT, 94700, France},
	abstract = {The COVID-19 crisis led more than 60 research teams worldwide to work on SARS-CoV-2 detection thanks to canine olfaction. The NOSAÏS team, in Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (France) was among the first groups to start studying the subject in March 2020. Since that date, dozens of publications did demonstrate that dogs were more efficient, regarding sensitivity and specificity, that salivary PCRs and Rapid Analysis Tests, and most of the time as efficient as nasopharyngeal RT-PCRs. Such elements must now be considered for the future, and deciders must open their minds to a new paradigm, fully involved in the “One Health, One Medicine” concept: dogs and their extraordinary olfactory qualities can play a role in human health and biomedical detection, as explosives or drugs detection dogs already do. © 2022 Academie Veterinaire de France. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {biomedical detection; CoViD-19; dog; olfaction},
	correspondence_address = {P.D. Grandjean; Programme NOSAÏS, Unité de Médecine de l’Élevage et du Sport, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris Est, MAISONS ALFORT, 94700, France; email: dominique.grandjean@vet-alfort.fr},
	publisher = {Academie Veterinaire de France},
	issn = {00014192},
	language = {French},
	abbrev_source_title = {Bull. Acad. Vet. France},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Vilborg2015449,
	author = {Vilborg, Anna and Passarelli, Maria C. and Yario, Therese A. and Tycowski, Kazimierz T. and Steitz, Joan A.},
	title = {Widespread Inducible Transcription Downstream of Human Genes},
	year = {2015},
	journal = {Molecular Cell},
	volume = {59},
	number = {3},
	pages = {449 – 461},
	doi = {10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.016},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938747425&doi=10.1016%2fj.molcel.2015.06.016&partnerID=40&md5=663de94242793b760cf49ff58b9e0457},
	affiliations = {Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, 06536, CT, United States},
	abstract = {Pervasive transcription of the human genome generates RNAs whose mode of formation and functions are largely uncharacterized. Here, we combine RNA-seq with detailed mechanistic studies to describe a transcript type derived from protein-coding genes. The resulting RNAs, which we call DoGs for downstream of gene containing transcripts, possess longnon-coding regions (often >45 kb) and remain chromatin bound. DoGs are inducible by osmotic stressthrough an IP3 receptor signaling-dependent pathway, indicating active regulation. DoG levels are increased by decreased termination of the upstream transcript, a previously undescribed mechanism for rapid transcript induction. Relative depletion of polyA signals in DoG regions correlates with increased levels of DoGs after osmotic stress. We detect DoG transcription in several human cell lines and provide evidence for thousands of DoGs genome wide. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {Cell Line; Chromatin; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome, Human; Humans; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Osmotic Pressure; Poly A; Potassium Chloride; RNA; RNA, Long Noncoding; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Signal Transduction; Transcription, Genetic; Canis familiaris; calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II; capped RNA; messenger RNA; potassium chloride; chromatin; inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor; long untranslated RNA; polyadenylic acid; potassium chloride; RNA; Article; chromatin; clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat; controlled study; cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum; fluorescence in situ hybridization; genetic association; genetic transcription; human; human cell; human genome; nerve cell; nerve cell membrane; neuroblastoma; osmotic stress; phenotype; protein depletion; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA sequence; signal transduction; transcription elongation; transcription initiation site; upregulation; cell line; drug effects; gene expression regulation; genetics; human genome; metabolism; osmotic pressure; sequence analysis},
	correspondence_address = {J.A. Steitz; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 295 Congress Avenue, 06536, United States; email: joan.steitz@yale.edu},
	publisher = {Cell Press},
	issn = {10972765},
	coden = {MOCEF},
	pmid = {26190259},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Mol. Cell},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 112; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Gao2022,
	author = {Gao, Chang-Qing and Wang, Shan-Ni and Wang, Mei-Mei and Li, Jing-Jing and Qiao, Jiao-Jiao and Huang, Juan-Juan and Zhang, Xu-Xiang and Xiang, Ya-Qin and Xu, Qian and Wang, Jun-Ling and Liu, Zheng-Hua and Wang, Jian-Gang and Chen, Zhi-Heng and Hu, Ping-An and Song, Zhi and Gu, Shao-Juan and Zhang, Ru-Xu and Lei, Li-Fang and Zhan, Ke-Bin and Long, Yi-Ting and Zhang, Yang and Ye, Min and Zhong, Zhe and Liu, Yun-Bo and Zhang, Chen and He, Zheng-Ming and Fang, Xiang and Peng, Jian-Guo and Wang, Chun-Yu and Xu, Hui and Xia, Bing-Hua and Shen, Lu and Tang, Bei-Sha and Zheng, Cui-Wei and Li, Ya-An and Guo, Ji-Feng},
	title = {Sensitivity of Sniffer Dogs for a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Movement Disorders},
	doi = {10.1002/mds.29180},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137052385&doi=10.1002%2fmds.29180&partnerID=40&md5=045c9eb4b227a9a9b494a19592240cf3},
	affiliations = {Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Studies in Laboratory Animals, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Health Prevention, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hunan, Hengyang, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Institutes for the Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; San-Zhen Hospital, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China; Hongshan Street Community Health Service Center, Changsha, China},
	abstract = {Background: The diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD) remain complex, which is especially problematic for nonmovement disorder experts. A test is required to establish a diagnosis of PD with improved accuracy and reproducibility. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of tests using sniffer dogs to diagnose PD. Methods: A prospective, diagnostic case-control study was conducted in four tertiary medical centers in China to evaluate the accuracy of sniffer dogs to distinguish between 109 clinically established medicated patients with PD, 654 subjects without PD, 37 drug-naïve patients with PD, and 185 non-PD controls. The primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of sniffer dog's identification. Results: In the study with patients who were medicated, when two or all three sniffer dogs yielded positive detection results in a sample tested, the index test sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 91% (95% CI: 84%–96%), 95% (95% CI: 93%–97%), and 19.16 (95% CI: 13.52–27.16) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05–0.17), respectively. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios in patients who were drug-naïve were 89% (95% CI: 75%–96%), 86% (95% CI: 81%–91%), and 6.6 (95% CI: 4.51–9.66) and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05–0.32), respectively. Conclusions: Tests using sniffer dogs may be a useful, noninvasive, fast, and cost-effective method to identify patients with PD in community screening and health prevention checkups as well as in neurological practice. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.},
	keywords = {Animals; Case-Control Studies; Dogs; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Working Dogs; animal; case control study; dog; human; Parkinson disease; prospective study; reproducibility; sensitivity and specificity},
	correspondence_address = {C.-Q. Gao; Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; email: cgao851@126.com; J.-F. Guo; Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; email: Guo873921141@qq.com},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},
	issn = {08853185},
	coden = {MOVDE},
	pmid = {36054272},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Mov. Disord.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Article in press},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2}
}

@ARTICLE{Agnew-Pauley20194,
	author = {Agnew-Pauley, Winifred Ella and Hughes, Caitlin Elizabeth},
	title = {Trends and offending circumstances in the police use of drug detection dogs in New South Wales 2008–2018},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Current Issues in Criminal Justice},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	pages = {4 – 23},
	doi = {10.1080/10345329.2018.1556280},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082063010&doi=10.1080%2f10345329.2018.1556280&partnerID=40&md5=828ba3a518ca9ae694b01ea55200c75e},
	affiliations = {Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, UNSW, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Australia},
	abstract = {New South Wales (NSW) was the first Australian state to introduce drug detection dogs as a street-level policing strategy. In 2006, the NSW Ombudsman released damning evidence that challenged the dogs’ effectiveness. Over a decade later, drug detection dogs remain a core policing policy in NSW, and the powers surrounding their use have expanded. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of drug dog deployment since the NSW Ombudsman Review. Specifically, it analyses unit-record data on all recorded criminal incidents and persons of interest (POIs) involving drug detection dogs that led to a formal police response in NSW from June 2008 to June 2018. The analysis shows that the main target group has remained young males detected for use/possession offences, albeit that the dogs have detected a small but potentially significant population of drug suppliers, and that the circumstances for their detection differ markedly to that for consumers. The results further show that there has been a small reduction in the number of overall detections recorded by police. However, this trend has not been driven by a decrease in use/possession offences detected, and thus large numbers of use/possession offenders, as opposed to drug suppliers, continue to be policed via this policy each year. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for policy and practice. © 2019, © 2019 Sydney Institute of Criminology.},
	author_keywords = {drug detection dogs; drug law enforcement; illicit drugs; police; policing strategies},
	correspondence_address = {C.E. Hughes; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Australia; email: Caitlin.hughes@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	issn = {10345329},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Curr. Issues  Crim.  Justice},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 8}
}

@ARTICLE{Lit2019189,
	author = {Lit, Lisa and Oberbauer, Anita and Sutton, James E. and Dror, Itiel E.},
	title = {Perceived infallibility of detection dog evidence: implications for juror decision-making},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Criminal Justice Studies},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	pages = {189 – 206},
	doi = {10.1080/1478601X.2018.1561450},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060685290&doi=10.1080%2f1478601X.2018.1561450&partnerID=40&md5=c4999cdeb9b5b0a04c570ce43a77f3c5},
	affiliations = {Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Sociology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, United States; University College London, London, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {This study focuses on the trust that potential jurors have in unsubstantiated evidence and the implications of such trust for legal decision-making. We examined whether participants’ motivation to think deeply (‘need for cognition,’ NC) and belief in science moderated their trust in potentially fallible detection dog evidence when selecting a verdict in a trial scenario. A detection dog twice indicated the presence of drugs in the scenario, yet no drugs were actually found. Those who chose a guilty verdict without drugs present featured stronger beliefs in detection dog evidence. They were also more confident that a dog alert indicated the presence of drugs, even though the scientific literature actually shows that detection dog evidence is subject to biases and other challenges to reliability. Our findings indicate that an unsubstantiated belief and trust in detection dog evidence may negatively influence juror decision-making, which may, in turn, pose consequences for fairness and justice. Participants believed that detection dogs provide powerful and reliable evidence, and these beliefs were clearly associated with stronger beliefs in science. These findings, therefore, raise serious concerns about jurors’ indiscriminate trust in forensic evidence, be it detection dog evidence or other lines of evidence presented in court. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
	author_keywords = {bias; detection dog; forensic evidence; jury decision making; Mythic infallibility; sniff evidence},
	correspondence_address = {L. Lit; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, United States; email: llit.ucdavis@gmail.com},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	issn = {1478601X},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Crim. Justice Stud.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 3}
}

@ARTICLE{Freitag2021142,
	author = {Freitag, Flavio A.V. and Muehlbauer, Eloisa and Gaio, Thalise daS. and dos Santos, Amanda A.M. and Machado, Marcello and Sanchez, Andrea and Duque, Juan C.M.},
	title = {Evaluation of injection volumes for the transversus abdominis plane block in dog cadavers: a preliminary trial},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia},
	volume = {48},
	number = {1},
	pages = {142 – 146},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.001},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097090434&doi=10.1016%2fj.vaa.2020.10.001&partnerID=40&md5=20f098b6cace2616ede15f7c2b282420},
	affiliations = {Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Anatomy Department, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil},
	abstract = {Objective: To evaluate staining of nerve branches after the injection of different volumes during ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in dog cadavers. Study design: Prospective randomized study. Animals: A total of 15 frozen/thawed adult dog cadavers. Methods: Hemiabdomens were randomly allocated to one of four groups. In groups G0.3, G0.6 and G1.0, ropivacaine–methylene blue solution (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mL kg–1 in seven, eight and eight hemiabdomens, respectively) was injected at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib at the height of the shoulder. In group G0.3×2 (seven hemiabdomens), two injections (0.3 mL kg–1) were performed, caudal to the last rib and cranial to the iliac crest at the same height. Total time for injection was recorded; after 30 minutes, cadavers were dissected and spread of dye was evaluated. Results: Accuracy of injection site was 80% and injection time was 71 (48–120) seconds for all groups together. Craniocaudal spread was 6.4 ± 1.6, 9.1 ± 2.6, 11.4 ± 2.3 and 11.2 ± 3.8 cm for G0.3, G0.6, G1.0 and G0.3×2, respectively [G0.3 to G0.3×2 (p = 0.044) and G1.0 (p = 0.034)]. There was no difference in dorsoventral spread among groups. Number of ventral nerve branches stained was 3 (2–4), 3 (2–4), 3 (3–4) and 3 (2–4) for G0.3, G0.6, G1.0 and G0.3×2, respectively, including nerve branches from twelfth thoracic to third lumbar (L3) in different proportions among groups. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Results suggest that a single-injection TAP block, using 0.3 mL kg–1, stains comparable number of nerve branches as higher volumes or two-point injection. Despite the volume or technique, consistent staining of the innervation of the caudal abdomen (L1–L3) was observed. Additional cadaveric studies are necessary to identify the optimal technique for complete abdominal wall staining. © 2020 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia},
	author_keywords = {abdomen; analgesia; local anesthesia; TAP block; ultrasound},
	keywords = {Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Cadaver; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Nerve Block; Prospective Studies; Ropivacaine; Ultrasonography, Interventional; methylene blue; ropivacaine; abdominal circumference; adult; analgesia; animal experiment; Article; body mass; detection dog; dog; drug injection volume; female; injection site; local anesthesia; male; nerve block; nonhuman; prospective study; transversus abdominis plane block; ultrasound; abdominal wall musculature; animal; cadaver; dog disease; interventional ultrasonography; nerve block; veterinary medicine},
	correspondence_address = {J.C.M. Duque; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Juvevê, 80.035-050, Brazil; email: anestesiologiavet@yahoo.com.br},
	publisher = {Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia},
	issn = {14672987},
	pmid = {33257280},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Anaesth. Analg.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 8}
}

@ARTICLE{Kelley201728,
	author = {Kelley, Timothy},
	title = {Biosimilars in Oncology: Reality Could Bite the Copycats, Dog Potential Major Savings},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {Managed care (Langhorne, Pa.)},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	pages = {28 – 30},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049720433&partnerID=40&md5=e2c4281478bed58001960c8934abd84a},
	abstract = {No one knows how much of an effect biosimilars will have on oncology expenditures. Pricing and market share are in a large, opaque "to be determined" cloud. But there's certainly potential for a major impact that could lower oncology expenditures by millions, if not billions.},
	keywords = {Antineoplastic Agents; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals; Drug Approval; Drug Costs; Health Expenditures; Humans; Medical Oncology; Patents as Topic; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; antineoplastic agent; biosimilar agent; drug approval; drug cost; economics; food and drug administration; health care cost; human; oncology; patent; United States},
	issn = {10623388},
	pmid = {28510517},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Manag Care},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Race2023839,
	author = {Race, Kane},
	title = {Technologies of abjection: The possessive logics and performative sovereignty of drug dog operations in New South Wales, Australia},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Sociological Review},
	volume = {71},
	number = {4},
	pages = {839 – 859},
	doi = {10.1177/00380261231174969},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166636045&doi=10.1177%2f00380261231174969&partnerID=40&md5=ec6bcaad88e4b2f486b8267d9543dd16},
	affiliations = {University of Sydney, Australia},
	abstract = {This article considers the alarming escalation in the use of strip-searching on the part of the New South Wales police over the past decade and its connection with street-level drug policing including drug dog operations. These strategies mobilise a technology of detection which draws police ever more intently into the orbit of the sexual and sexual violation and in ever-closer proximity to the genital, the vaginal and the anal cavities of those it forcibly produces as suspects. I am especially interested in the symbolic, spectacular, gendered and performative dimensions of these ‘devices of sexual saturation’; their opportunistic deployment to patrol minoritarian populations (Aboriginal people, young people/minors, sexual and racial minorities) and cast aspersions on their self-sovereign capacities. Framed by the law as technologies of drug detection, these operations are better conceptualised as technologies of abjection devoted to the production of violable subjects as part of brutal ongoing efforts to shore up the authority of self-asserted, stolen sovereignty. A narcofeminist lens brings these gendered dimensions of drug policing into better view. Here, the ‘possessive logics’ that Aileen Moreton-Robinson implicates in the performativity of patriarchal white sovereignty on the part of the ‘postcolonising’ Australian state find their pretext and source of legitimation in the rhetoric of drugs and the fantasised sovereign subject it maintains as a requirement for the general functioning of the law: the ‘master of her intentions and desires’, in Derrida’s words. This mobilisation of technologies of abjection under the guise of drug enforcement is part of a longer story about the racialisation of sexuality and the sexualisation of race as biopolitical trajectories that naturalise and maintain settler-colonialism and its worlds. Countering their violence entails forging new solidarities among minoritarian constituencies that articulate, affirm and reactivate the non-sovereign potentials/performatives that inhere in our mutual vulnerability and relationally-constituted capacity for endurance. © The Author(s) 2023.},
	author_keywords = {drug policing; narcofeminism; settler sexuality; sniffer dogs; sovereign power; strip-searches},
	correspondence_address = {K. Race; University of Sydney, Australia; email: kane.race@sydney.edu.au},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	issn = {00380261},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Sociol. Rev.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Horowitz2013207,
	author = {Horowitz, Alexandra and Hecht, Julie and Dedrick, Alexandra},
	title = {Smelling more or less: Investigating the olfactory experience of the domestic dog},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {Learning and Motivation},
	volume = {44},
	number = {4},
	pages = {207 – 217},
	doi = {10.1016/j.lmot.2013.02.002},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885388145&doi=10.1016%2fj.lmot.2013.02.002&partnerID=40&md5=8f5067b7803766373bc47d7e2c05ba0e},
	affiliations = {Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States},
	abstract = {The performance of tracking dogs and drug-, disease-, and explosives-detection dogs is a testament to trained dogs' olfactory acuity. The olfactory experience of an untrained dog, by contrast, has not been well documented. In the current research we begin to remedy that by testing untrained pet dogs' olfactory perception of quantity. While previous research found that dogs could discriminate visible quantities of more or less food (Prato-Previde, Marshall-Pescini, & Valsecchi, 2008), our results find that, by contrast, companion dogs do not reliably discriminate quantities when the food can be smelled but not seen. Sixty-one percent of dogs (39 of 64), given a choice between closed plates with one and five morsels of food, approached plates with the larger quantity: not significantly more than approached plates with the lesser quantity (binomial, p = .169). We did find that during dogs' initial investigation of both food amounts, subjects gave more attention to the plate containing the larger quantity (binomial, p< 0.001). In a second condition, we replicated, with closed plates, Prato-Previde et al.'s (2008) finding that owner interest in a plate holding a lesser quantity of food reliably leads dogs to approach that plate (binomial, p< 0.001). Though research has demonstrated dogs' preference for a larger amount of food (Ward & Smuts, 2007), in a third condition testing the effect of adding a strong odor to a visibly larger food quantity, we found that the addition of odor often reversed that preference (44/69 dogs; p< .03). Finally, we consider the methodological implications of this work on future dog cognition studies. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.},
	correspondence_address = {A. Horowitz; Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, NY, United States; email: ahorowitz@barnard.edu},
	issn = {00239690},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Learn. Motiv.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 49}
}

@ARTICLE{Hughes2018197,
	author = {Hughes, Caitlin E. and Barratt, Monica J. and Ferris, Jason A. and Maier, Larissa J. and Winstock, Adam R.},
	title = {Drug-related police encounters across the globe: How do they compare?},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {56},
	pages = {197 – 207},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.03.005},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046167881&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2018.03.005&partnerID=40&md5=690124a99744a5fc8db3ea255576c377},
	affiliations = {Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Global Drug Survey Ltd, London, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Background: Drug law enforcement subsumes the majority of drug policy expenditure across the globe. Fuelled by knowledge that much of this investment is ineffective or counter-productive there have been increasing calls for cross-national comparisons to identify where policing approaches differ and what types of approaches may be more effective. Yet, to date cross-national comparison of drug law enforcement has proven a methodologically hazardous affair. Using a new drug policing module added to the 2017 Global Drug Survey, this study seeks to provide the first cross-national comparison of the incidence, nature and intensity of illicit drug-related police encounters amongst people who use drugs. Methods: The Global Drug Survey was administered in late 2016. Across 26 countries including Australia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Switzerland, the UK and the USA a total of 45,942 people who had recently used drugs completed the drug policing module. Key variables assessed included the incidence and frequency of drug-related police encounters in the last 12 months that involved: a) being stopped and searched; b) encountering a drug detection dog; c) being given a caution or warning; d) being charged and arrested; and e) paying a bribe. Multi-level models were used to control for pre-existing national differences in drug use prevalence and non-drug specific policing (including the total number of police personnel in each country). Results: Drug-related police encounters were most commonly reported in Italy and Scotland. Conversely, police encounters were most likely to lead to arrest in Norway, Finland and Sweden. The type and locations of encounters further differed across countries, with for example stop and search most reported in Greece and Colombia, and encounters with drug detection dogs most reported in Scotland, Italy, UK and Australia. Multi-level models showed that the incidence of reported policing encounters continued to differ significantly across countries after controlling for pre-existing national differences in drug use prevalence and policing, and that drug policing encounters were 4 to 14 times more common in some nations than others. Conclusion: The findings unearth significant cross-national differences in the incidence and nature of drug-related policing of people who use drugs. This suggests that there may be opportunities for countries to learn from each other about how and why they differ, and the potential benefits of switching to lower intensity modes of drug policing. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Arrest; Comparative policy analysis; Cross-national comparison; Drug detection dog; Policing; Stop and search},
	keywords = {Adult; Animals; Dogs; Female; Humans; Law Enforcement; Legislation, Drug; Logistic Models; Male; Police; Public Policy; Street Drugs; Surveys and Questionnaires; cocaine; illicit drug; midomafetamine; street drug; adult; age; Article; Australia; cannabis use; Colombia; detection dog; drug legislation; ethnic difference; female; Finland; Germany; Greece; human; Italy; law enforcement; male; Mexico; Norway; police; prevalence; priority journal; Scotland; Sweden; Switzerland; United States; animal; comparative study; dog; legislation and jurisprudence; police; public policy; questionnaire; statistical model; statistics and numerical data},
	correspondence_address = {C.E. Hughes; Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; email: caitlin.hughes@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {29699837},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 13; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Ehmann2012669,
	author = {Ehmann, R. and Boedeker, E. and Friedrich, U. and Sagert, J. and Dippon, J. and Friedel, G. and Walles, T.},
	title = {Canine scent detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer: Revisiting a puzzling phenomenon},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {European Respiratory Journal},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3},
	pages = {669 – 676},
	doi = {10.1183/09031936.00051711},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860323726&doi=10.1183%2f09031936.00051711&partnerID=40&md5=399dd416ed94fe3dc42ff2e51b0d12bb},
	affiliations = {Ambulante Pneumologie, Stuttgart, Germany; Dept. of Mathematics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Schillerhoehe Hospital, Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, D-70839 Gerlingen, Solitudestrasse 18, Germany; TeamCanin, Loeffingen, Germany},
	abstract = {Patient prognosis in lung cancer largely depends on early diagnosis. The exhaled breath of patients may represent the ideal specimen for future lung cancer screening. However, the clinical applicability of current diagnostic sensor technologies based on signal pattern analysis remains incalculable due to their inability to identify a clear target. To test the robustness of the presence of a so far unknown volatile organic compound in the breath of patients with lung cancer, sniffer dogs were applied. Exhalation samples of 220 volunteers (healthy individuals, confirmed lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were presented to sniffer dogs following a rigid scientific protocol. Patient history, drug administration and clinicopathological data were analysed to identify potential bias or confounders. Lung cancer was identified with an overall sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 93%. Lung cancer detection was independent fromCOPD and the presence of tobacco smoke and food odours. Logistic regression identified two drugs as potential confounders. It must be assumed that a robust and specific volatile organic compound (or pattern) is present in the breath of patients with lung cancer. Additional research efforts are required to overcome the current technical limitations of electronic sensor technologies to engineer a clinically applicable screening tool. Copyright©ERS 2012.},
	author_keywords = {Biomarker; Breath analysis; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Diagnosis; Lung cancer; Sniffer dogs},
	keywords = {Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Animals; Breath Tests; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dogs; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Food; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Odors; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Sensitivity and Specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; volatile organic compound; adult; aged; animal experiment; article; breath analysis; cancer screening; cancer staging; cancer test; chronic obstructive lung disease; clinical effectiveness; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; experimental dog; female; forced expiratory volume; human; intermethod comparison; lung cancer; lung function test; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; priority journal; prospective study; residual volume; sensitivity and specificity; smoking; total lung capacity},
	correspondence_address = {T. Walles; Schillerhoehe Hospital, Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, D-70839 Gerlingen, Solitudestrasse 18, Germany; email: Thorsten.Walles@klinikschillerhoehe.de},
	issn = {13993003},
	coden = {ERJOE},
	pmid = {21852337},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Eur. Respir. J.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 161; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Sacharczuk201952,
	author = {Sacharczuk, Mariusz and Walczak, Marta and Adamkiewicz, Ewa and Walasek, Artur and Ensminger, John and Presch, Małgorzata and Jezierski, Tadeusz},
	title = {Polymorphism of olfactory and neurotransmitters receptor genes in drug and explosives detection dogs can be associated with differences in detection performance},
	year = {2019},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
	volume = {215},
	pages = {52 – 60},
	doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2019.04.006},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064313266&doi=10.1016%2fj.applanim.2019.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=591f18e3cfcfd7700a38743401e7b785},
	affiliations = {Laboratory of Neurogenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, 05-552, Poland; Department of Animal Behavior Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, 05-552, Poland; The Canine Department, Police Training Centre in Sulkowice, Chynow, 05-560, Poland; Delta Hedge Consulting, Stone Ridge, NY, United States; University of Warmia and Mazury, The Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases and Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes that could be useful predictors of better detection performance in drugs and explosives detection dogs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected canine olfactory receptor genes responsible for olfactory acuity (OR1P2-like, OR51H5-like, OR52N9-like,OR52P3-like, OR9S13-like), and genes related to the serotoninergic (SLC6A4-like, HTR1A, HTR2B-like)and dopaminergic (SLC6A3-like, DRD1-like, DRD2-like)neurotransmission with a documented role in operant conditioning, were analysed. From a total of 91 certified drug and 57 explosives detection dogs, 10 individuals demonstrating the best and 10 with the poorest detection performance, as evaluated by detection speed and style of searching, were chosen for genetic studies. In this work for the first time we show that not only polymorphisms in selected canine olfactory receptor genes, but also polymorphisms in genes encoding the transporter protein for dopamine uptake or the 5-HT2B receptor, are important for canine olfactory detection. The G allele at the OR52N9-like:c.176 A > G and OR52N9-like:c.288 T > G loci had a negative, whereas the A allele at the OR9S13-like:c.592 G > A locus had a positive, effect on the dogs' detection performance measured as mean search time and mean search style. Additionally, the presence of the C allele in the SLC6A3-like:c.181 G > C locus and the A allele in HTR2B-like:c.596 G > A locus was associated with reduced detection performance. We suggest that good candidate dogs for detection training could be chosen for military and civilian service based on favourable genotypes in the olfactory and monoamine neurotransmitter receptor genes. This, however, should be investigated further in studies, particularly using dogs with the alleles of the candidate genes we have identified as correlated with increased performance. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Detection performance; Neurotransmitters receptor genes; Olfactory receptor genes; Police dogs},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris; allele; canid; detection method; drug; explosive; gene; performance assessment; protein},
	correspondence_address = {M. Sacharczuk; Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Poland; email: msacharczuk@wum.edu.pl},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {01681591},
	coden = {AABSE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4}
}

@ARTICLE{Hickey2012778,
	author = {Hickey, Sophie and Mcilwraith, Fairlie and Bruno, Raimondo and Matthews, Allison and Alati, Rosa},
	title = {Drug detection dogs in Australia: More bark than bite?},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {Drug and Alcohol Review},
	volume = {31},
	number = {6},
	pages = {778 – 783},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00431.x},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865995796&doi=10.1111%2fj.1465-3362.2012.00431.x&partnerID=40&md5=bd21668d7912e57b3f726d6d2312adc9},
	affiliations = {School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia},
	abstract = {Introduction and Aims.: Canines are often used by police for drug detection and deterrence. However, their effectiveness has been questioned. This paper aims to describe the experience of regular illicit drug users when in contact with drug detection dogs. Design and Methods.: Regular ecstasy users (n=2127) were interviewed across Australia between 2008 and 2010 as part of the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System. Results.: Over the 3year period, there was increased visibility of drug detection dogs by regular ecstasy users. New South Wales was the jurisdiction with the most reported sightings, mainly occurring at festivals or live music events. Despite this police presence, however, detection and deterrence rates remained low. Approximately two-thirds of participants who had seen the drug detection dogs had drugs in their possession at the most recent sighting, yet less than 7% were positively identified by dogs. Further, the majority of participants in possession of drugs took no actions after sighting the dogs, whereas a small group hastily consumed the drugs. Discussion and Conclusions.: The low proportion of reported positive notifications from the dogs by the participants who had drugs on them at the time of sighting questions the accuracy and effectiveness of this procedure. Despite the increased visibility of police drug detection dogs, regular ecstasy users continue to use and be in possession of illicit drugs in public, suggesting a limited deterrence effect. The hasty consumption of drugs upon sighting the dogs also raises health concerns. © 2012 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.},
	author_keywords = {Detection; Deterrence; Drug detection dog; EDRS; Illicit drug},
	keywords = {Adult; Animals; Australia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dogs; Female; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Street Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult; 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; street drug; addiction; adult; animal; article; Australia; cross-sectional study; dog; female; human; male},
	correspondence_address = {S. Hickey; Schoolof Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Herston Road, Australia; email: sophie.hickey@uq.edu.au},
	issn = {14653362},
	pmid = {22404555},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Drug Alcohol Rev.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 29}
}

@ARTICLE{Bartolomé202113,
	author = {Bartolomé, E. and Perdomo-González, D.I. and Sánchez-Guerrero, M.J. and Valera, M.},
	title = {Stress at rest in working dogs assessed with infrared thermography; [Lo stress del cane da lavoro a riposo, valutato con la termografia ad infrarossi]},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Dog Behavior},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	pages = {13 – 21},
	doi = {10.4454/db.v7i2.137},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118211818&doi=10.4454%2fdb.v7i2.137&partnerID=40&md5=68ea764b3e1fd2080c7facf15b013f3b},
	affiliations = {Animal Production Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Seville, Ctra. Utrera km1, Seville, 41013, Spain},
	abstract = {For many years, dogs have been trained to detect objects through smell and help humans to locate different items. These dogs are specially trained to maximize their search capabilities, that this increased concentration could lead to high levels of stress in the animal. The main aim of this study was to assess the stress levels at rest of working police dogs, measured with infrared thermography and by the heart rate (HR). To achieve this, we evaluated 18 working dogs (13 males and 5 females), half of which had been trained for drug detection and the other half for explosives detection. Eye temperature (ET) assessed with infrared thermography was collected in the kennels (ETK) and inside the police car (ETC), to test differences due to place of location. The mean value between ETK and ETC (MET) and the difference between them (ETD) were also assessed. HR was evaluated inside the police car. The influence of different factors (sex, breed, training type and age) on the stress perceived by these animals was also measured. The results indicated that these animals showed higher ETK (36.8±1.1°C) than ETC (36.1±1.0°C), with a similar coefficient of variation (3.0% and 2.8%, respectively). This could be due to the fact that working dogs tend to be calmer when they expect to carry out the assigned job. On the other hand, no statisti-cally significant correlations were found between ET variables and HR, thus supporting previous studies indicating that these parameters differ in their physiological background. The GLM statistical analysis found that females (for sex factor) and dogs trained for explosives detection (for training type factor) showed higher ETK and ETD than males or dogs trained for drug detection. As for breed group, statistical differences between means were found only for ETD, with Shepherd dogs showing higher increases than Retrievers. Thus, the results obtained in this study are the first to show that ET measured using infrared thermography is a suitable tool to assess stress in working dogs; and secondly, that the stress shown by working dogs in the kennel and the magnitude of the stress difference recorded between kennel and police car is influenced by the environment. © 2021, Edizioni ETS. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Drug detection dogs; Explosives detection dogs; Eye temperature; Heart rate; Kennel},
	correspondence_address = {E. Bartolomé; Animal Production Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Seville, Seville, Ctra. Utrera km1, 41013, Spain; email: ebartolome@us.es},
	publisher = {Edizioni ETS},
	issn = {24210684},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Dog Behav.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Brustkern2023,
	author = {Brustkern, Madelyn and Thompson, Ryan and Lawhon, Sara and Good, Kevin and Bunker, Paul and Prada-Tiedemann, Paola and Hall, Nathaniel J.},
	title = {Effect of rapid changes in environmental conditions on canine detection of methyl benzoate},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
	volume = {264},
	doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105924},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159774929&doi=10.1016%2fj.applanim.2023.105924&partnerID=40&md5=034ccec8fa88ade2a0cd82e8f115d2db},
	affiliations = {Dept of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States; Dept of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, United States; Battelle Memorial Institute, United States; Chiron K9, United States},
	abstract = {Detection canines are utilized worldwide in some of the most challenging field conditions for the detection of narcotics, explosives, and other targets. Much remains unknown, however, how these challenging conditions impact detection canine performance. Anecdotal evidence suggests that detection dogs require a “start-up” period – a short duration of time working – before performing optimally. These dogs commonly rest in climate-controlled settings (such as in a climate-controlled vehicle) and quickly transition to searches in contrasting conditions, which may exacerbate the issue. Accordingly, this study sought to quantify the magnitude and duration of the start-up period, and to identify any further effects on performance due to rapid transitions into extreme temperature/humidity conditions. The detection threshold of seven dogs was established for methyl benzoate (an odor simulant of illicit cocaine) under standard conditions using an air dilution olfactometer. A series of evaluations were then conducted to determine changes in this threshold when the dogs were rapidly transitioned from standard conditions to one of six temperature/humidity conditions - hot-humid, warm-humid, hot-dry, standard, cold-dry and cold-humid. Temperatures ranged from 0 to 40 ºC and relative humidity ranged from <40 % to >85 %. Changes in detection threshold were measured via a series of three “probes” of six trials, with a 2 min inter-probe interval to habituate to environmental conditions. Probes started at the dogs’ estimated threshold and decreased in concentration based on correct performance. Overall, dogs showed substantial decrements in the hot-humid condition followed by moderate decrements in hot-dry and warm-humid conditions. Cold conditions did not produce statistically significant decrements. In addition, the data indicate that a start-up period does exist when canines transition from a state of rest directly into a search assignment. The duration of this start-up period was initially measured to be several minutes long; but after the first series of testing (approximately a couple months of training/testing), the dogs only exhibited a decrement in performance on the first trial of a session. Overall, the results suggest that environmental conditions and a brief “start-up” effect should be considered as important variables that can impact detection canine performance. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Detection canines; Environmental effects; Narcotics detection; Start-up effects},
	keywords = {canid; detection method; environmental conditions; environmental effect; inorganic compound; instrumentation; relative humidity},
	correspondence_address = {N.J. Hall; Dept of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States; email: Nathaniel.j.hall@ttu.edu},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {01681591},
	coden = {AABSE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Noble201232,
	author = {Noble, Russell},
	title = {Busted with a smile: Mine safety and security involves far more than simply locking gates},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {Canadian Mining Journal},
	volume = {133},
	number = {3},
	pages = {32 – 34},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859728185&partnerID=40&md5=5de9436e809e5b40deecc2eafddc4ba0},
	affiliations = {Scarlet Security, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {The role of companies like Scarlet Security of Yellowknife is becoming increasingly important to the mining industry in Canada. The mining industry and site safety and security personnel must work at keeping the mine site safe and accident free but must have contingency plans in place to handle any type of accident/incident. The company President Patrick Doyle says there are far more serious aspects to running a mine that are sometimes overlooked, but are still a major problem. As mentioned earlier, one of Scarlet Security's biggest challenges is finding the right people with the right experience to handle safety and security situations, and Doyle says that Richard Jalbert is one of those people. Performing this service requires experienced personnel, but Jalbert went on to say that the company routinely uses drug-sniffing dogs during its assessment of a potential client's site to get a clear picture of what it could possibly be facing with its new assignment.},
	keywords = {Mining engineering; Contingency plans; Mine safety; Mine site; Security personnel; Security situation; Site safety; Yellowknife; Industrial engineering},
	issn = {00084492},
	coden = {CAMJA},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Can Min J},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Dolan2014111,
	author = {Dolan, Kate and Rodas, Ana},
	title = {Detection of drugs in Australian prisons: Supply reduction strategies},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	pages = {111 – 117},
	doi = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2013-0025},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902771708&doi=10.1108%2fIJPH-06-2013-0025&partnerID=40&md5=3cd0e7de3f7230c2360d3bb1e426d4fc},
	affiliations = {National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia},
	abstract = {Purpose - Prisoners have a high level of drug use prior to imprisonment. Many inmates report having injected drugs and using cannabis. Prison authorities employed a range of strategies to detect drugs and drug use in prison. However, it was unclear which supply reduction strategies operated, and the prevalence and types of drugs detected in Australian prisons. The purpose of this paper is to examine supply reduction strategies in Australian prisons. Information on searches for drugs, and from inmate urinalysis was collected. The study focussed on adults in fulltime custody in Australia in 2009. Design/methodology/approach - A representative of all corrective services departments and justice health services was asked to complete a questionnaire on supply reduction strategies, including searches for drugs and drug testing of inmates. Findings - The two main supply reduction strategies identified in all Australian prisons were the use of drug detection dogs and urinalysis programs. Despite an extensive use of drug searches and urinalysis, the detection of drugs was modest for both strategies. The most commonly used drug was cannabis with the detection of drugs such as amphetamines and heroin being very low. Research limitations/ implications - Prison inmates have a history of high levels of drug use prior to imprisonment. However, the supply reduction measures of drug detection dogs and urinalysis indicate that drug use was low in Australian prisons. Practical implications - The paper recommends that urinalysis comprises targeting testing regimes and that random testing ceases in order to be a more cost effective use of resources for drug detection. Originality/value - The study is the first report on the range of supply reduction measures in Australian prisons and, possibly in the world. Both measures were employed extensively across the country and finds of drugs and drug use were relatively low. Two possible conclusions can be drawn; that either drug use was very low in prison or that it was well concealed from the authorities. A comparison of random testing with targeted testing of inmates, where the former yields fewer positive results shows drug use was likely to be low rather than well concealed. Copyright © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Australian prisons; Cannabis; Drug detection dogs; Urine testing},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Dogs; Humans; Prevalence; Prisoners; Prisons; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Urinalysis; animal; Australia; dog; human; organization and management; prevalence; prison; prisoner; procedures; statistics and numerical data; substance abuse; Substance-Related Disorders; urinalysis},
	correspondence_address = {K. Dolan; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; email: k.dolan@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
	issn = {17449200},
	pmid = {25764074},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Prison. Health},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 6}
}

@ARTICLE{Ho202351,
	author = {Ho, Un-Hyang and Pak, Song-Hyok and Kim, Kang and Pak, Hak-Song},
	title = {Efficient screening of SNP in canine OR52N9 and OR9S25 as assistant marker of olfactory ability},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Behavior},
	volume = {60},
	pages = {51 – 55},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jveb.2022.12.008},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147102696&doi=10.1016%2fj.jveb.2022.12.008&partnerID=40&md5=fa5765cbb0492a97876e6a57ede2f1e7},
	affiliations = {Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, North Korea},
	abstract = {Sniffer dogs play an important role in human life including tracking and identifying crime suspects, the detection of drugs, explosives and land mines. In this study the effect of previously reported canine olfactory receptor (cOR) genes on the olfactory ability was evaluated. Allele specific multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to detect SNPs at positions 176 of OR52N9 and 592 of OR9S25, respectively, without sequencing. The outbreeding cohort exhibited no significant difference from certified GSD in olfactory ability, but there was a noticeable difference in cohort according to SNP allele genotypes. This result would provide the possibility of SNPs of olfactory receptor genes being used as a marker of olfactory ability in sniffer dog breeding. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.},
	author_keywords = {Canis familiaris; Olfactory ability; OR52N9; Outbreeding; Selection; Sniffer dog},
	keywords = {Article; cOR gene; detection dog; gene; gene frequency; gene function; genotype; nonhuman; olfactory receptor; OR52N9 gene; OR9S25 gene; outbreeding; single nucleotide polymorphism; smelling},
	correspondence_address = {U.-H. Ho; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, North Korea; email: uh.ho@ryongnamsan.edu.kp},
	publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	issn = {15587878},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Behav.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1}
}

@ARTICLE{Oliva2022,
	author = {Oliva, Jessica Lee and Cobb, Mia L},
	title = {Sniffing out what Australians know and believe about Drug Detector Dogs},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science},
	doi = {10.1080/10888705.2022.2116582},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136693686&doi=10.1080%2f10888705.2022.2116582&partnerID=40&md5=7cd6531e05530d7c8eaf6f64d8e53794},
	affiliations = {School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia},
	abstract = {The ways in which drugs are policed, differs from country to country, with Drug Detector Dogs (DDDs) a commonly used detection strategy in Australia. However, their effectiveness has been scrutinized by Australian media and research. Despite this, their work and lives “on the job” continue to be portrayed in a positive light on popular television shows such as Border Security. The aim of the current study was to ascertain public perceptions and knowledge surrounding DDDs using a sample of 129 Australians. Results revealed participants believed DDDs were equally as interesting and as happy as companion dogs. However, while there was general support for both dog roles in human lives, participants were relatively less supportive of the use of DDDs. Importantly, findings suggest general Australians have little awareness of the lives of DDDs “off the job,” including housing and handling practices that directly impact animal welfare. We suggest that greater transparency around these aspects of the dogs’ lives and welfare experience be made publicly available so that the DDD industry can maintain their social license to operate. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
	author_keywords = {canine; Customs; narcotic; pet; public perceptions},
	correspondence_address = {J.L. Oliva; Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811, Australia; email: jessica.oliva@jcu.edu.au},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
	issn = {10888705},
	coden = {JAAWA},
	pmid = {36004398},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Article in press},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Gahagan20181039,
	author = {Gahagan, Patti and Wismer, Tina},
	title = {Toxicology of Explosives and Fireworks in Small Animals},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice},
	volume = {48},
	number = {6},
	pages = {1039 – 1051},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.06.007},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052728102&doi=10.1016%2fj.cvsm.2018.06.007&partnerID=40&md5=387ee12796fbca409ffcfe87701b17f3},
	affiliations = {Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., 3200 Northline Avenue, Suite 300, Greensboro, 27408, NC, United States; ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States},
	abstract = {Exposure to explosives and fireworks in dogs can result in variable severity of clinical signs depending on the presence of different chemicals and the amount. The risk can be lessened by proper education of dog handlers and owners about the seriousness of the intoxications. Most animals will recover within 24 to 72 hours with supportive care. Cyclonite, barium, and chlorate ingestion carries a risk of more severe clinical signs. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.},
	author_keywords = {Barium; Chlorates; Explosive detection dogs/working dogs; Explosives; Fireworks; Nitrates},
	keywords = {Animals; Antidotes; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Explosive Agents; Humans; aluminum; ammonium nitrate; antimony; aromatic nitro compound; barium; beryllium; calcium salt; cesium; chlorate; copper chloride; ethylene glycol dinitrate; explosive; fireworks; fuel oil; glyceryl trinitrate; iron; lead; lithium carbonate; magnesium; nitramine; nitrate ester; nitric acid derivative; pentaerythrityl tetranitrate; phosphorus; potassium nitrate; potassium perchlorate; pyroxylin; rubidium nitrate; strontium; unclassified drug; antidote; explosive; animal care; animal welfare; disease severity; environmental exposure; health education; human; intoxication; LD50; neurotoxicity; nonhuman; Review; risk reduction; seizure; toxicity testing; toxicokinetics; toxicology; animal; chemically induced; dog; dog disease; pathophysiology},
	correspondence_address = {T. Wismer; ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, Urbana, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, 61802, United States; email: tina.wismer@aspca.org},
	publisher = {W.B. Saunders},
	issn = {01955616},
	coden = {VCNAA},
	pmid = {30190115},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2}
}

@ARTICLE{La Guardia2020,
	author = {La Guardia, Mark J. and Richards, Ngaio L. and Hale, Robert C.},
	title = {A noninvasive environmental monitoring tool for brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) assisted by conservation detection dogs},
	year = {2020},
	journal = {Chemosphere},
	volume = {260},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127401},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087954996&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2020.127401&partnerID=40&md5=063a2aeaf3210cbf504e5c63b258f401},
	affiliations = {Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, 23062, VA, United States; Working Dogs for Conservation, 10971 Rustic Rd., Missoula, 59802, MT, United States; William R. Maples Center for Forensic Medicine University of Florida, 4800 SW 35th Drive, Gainesville, 32608, FL, United States},
	abstract = {Fecal matter is a useful noninvasive/nondestructive media for evaluating contaminants in wildlife, as residues therein have been observed to correlate with body burdens. Conservation detection dog-handler teams can be used to optimize the acquisition of fecal samples. To build on previous work, sentinel-species’ (i.e. mink (Mustela vison) and otter (Lontra canadensis)) fecal matter was opportunistically located by a detection dog team along the tri-river system of Missoula, Montana, USA. Sediments were also collected. Samples were used to develop an analytical method from fecal matter to determine habitat exposure to the brominated flame-retardants (BFRs): polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), 2-ethylhexyl 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), di (2-ethylhexyl)-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). Sediments contained PBDEs (BDE-99 and BDE-209) and EH-TBB at detection rates of 67%, 33% and 67%, respectively. BDE-99, -209 and EH-TBB were also detected in mink and otter feces, at rates of 81%, 25% and 81%, respectively; plus BEH-TEBP at 13%. BFR levels correlated positively with human population density except along the lower Bitterroot River, where BDE-209 sediment and feces levels exceeded other sites by several orders of magnitude. Fecal matter body burden estimates indicated marginal PBDE exposure. However, exposure to their replacements, EH-TBB and BEH-TEBP, were at levels that may adversely affect healthy Mustelidae populations. Proof-of-concept was achieved; validation results were within established standards for the development of analytical methods. The established application of conservation dog-handler teams to facilitate the collection of fecal matter for BFR analysis represents a valuable, but currently underutilized environmental monitoring tool. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Halogenation; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Montana; Rivers; Missoula; Montana; United States; Canis familiaris; Lontra canadensis; Mustela; Mustela vison; Mustelidae; Organic pollutants; Population statistics; Sediments; 2 ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5 tetrabromobenzoate; bde 99; brominated flame retardant; decabromodiphenyl ethane; decabromodiphenyl ether; di(2 ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5 tetrabromophthalate; flame retardant; hexabromocyclododecane; organobromine derivative; polybrominated diphenyl ether; unclassified drug; 2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether; brominated hydrocarbon; decabromobiphenyl ether; diphenyl ether derivative; flame retardant; hexabromocyclododecane; pentabromodiphenyl ether; Analytical method; Brominated flame retardants (BFRs); Decabromodiphenyl ethane; Environmental Monitoring; Hexabromocyclododecanes; Orders of magnitude; Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs); Validation results; analytical method; canid; detection method; environmental monitoring; flame retardant; mustelid; nondestructive testing; optimization; Article; atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry; body burden; correlation coefficient; detection dog; ecotoxicity; ecotoxicology; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; feces analysis; feces level; habitat; high performance liquid chromatography; human; instrument validation; Lontra canadensis; mass spectrometry; Montana; multiple reaction monitoring; Neovison vison; non invasive measurement; nonhuman; population density; proof of concept; river; sediment; sentinel species; solid phase extraction; toxic concentration; ultra performance liquid chromatography; water contamination; animal; dog; environmental monitoring; halogenation; pollutant; procedures; Flame retardants},
	correspondence_address = {M.J. La Guardia; Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, 23062, United States; email: markl@vims.edu},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	issn = {00456535},
	coden = {CMSHA},
	pmid = {32682128},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Chemosphere},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 7}
}

@ARTICLE{Hughes201758,
	author = {Hughes, Caitlin E. and Ritter, Alison and Lancaster, Kari and Hoppe, Robert},
	title = {Understanding policy persistence—The case of police drug detection dog policy in NSW, Australia},
	year = {2017},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {44},
	pages = {58 – 68},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.007},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018342015&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2017.03.007&partnerID=40&md5=297d7ea19eaf4bfad9f52ad67e2e0460},
	affiliations = {Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Australia; Department of Science, Technology and Policy Studies, University of Twente, Netherlands},
	abstract = {Background Significant research attention has been given to understanding the processes of drug policy reform. However, there has been surprisingly little analysis of the persistence of policy in the face of opposition and evidence of ineffectiveness. In this article we analysed just such a case – police drug detection dog policy in NSW, Australia. We sought to identify factors which may account for the continuation of this policy, in spite of counter-evidence and concerted advocacy. Methods The analysis was conducted using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). We collated documents relating to NSW drug detection dog policy from 1995 to 2016, including parliamentary records (NSW Parliament Hansard), government and institutional reports, legislation, police procedures, books, media, and academic publications. Texts were then read, coded and classified against the core dimensions of the ACF, including subsystem actors and coalitions, their belief systems and resources and venues employed for policy debate. Results Three coalitions were identified as competing in the policy subsystem: security/law and order, civil liberties and harm reduction. Factors that aided policy stability were the continued dominance of the security/law and order coalition since they introduced the drug dog policy; a power imbalance enabling the ruling coalition to limit when and where the policy was discussed; and a highly adversarial policy subsystem. In this context even technical knowledge that dogs infringed civil liberties and increased risks of overdose were readily downplayed, leading to only incremental changes in implementation rather than policy cessation or wholesale revision. Conclusion The analysis provides new insights into why the accumulation of new evidence and advocacy efforts can be insufficient to drive significant policy change. It poses a challenge for the evidence-based paradigm suggesting that in highly adversarial policy subsystems new evidence is unlikely to generate policy change without broader subsystem change, such as reducing the adversarial nature and/or providing new avenues for cross-coalition learning. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Advocacy coalition framework; Australia; Drug detection dogs; Policing; Policy change; Policy persistence},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Dogs; Humans; Police; Policy Making; Substance Abuse Detection; Article; Australia; conceptual framework; detection dog; freedom; harm reduction; human; investigative procedures; law; nonhuman; organizational policy; police; police drug detection policy; priority journal; animal; dog; legislation and jurisprudence; management; procedures; substance abuse},
	correspondence_address = {C.E. Hughes; Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Australia; email: cailin.hughes@unsw.edu.au},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {28460274},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 13; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Chan201897,
	author = {Chan, Sanny K. and Leung, Donald Y.M.},
	title = {Dog and cat allergies: Current state of diagnostic approaches and challenges},
	year = {2018},
	journal = {Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	pages = {97 – 105},
	doi = {10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.97},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041662119&doi=10.4168%2faair.2018.10.2.97&partnerID=40&md5=8880ff2eef8e593eca49581d9d9039fb},
	affiliations = {Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States},
	abstract = {Allergies to dogs and cats affect 10%-20% of the population worldwide and is a growing public health concern as these rates increase. Given the prevalence of detectable dog and cat allergens even in households without pets, there is a critical need to accurately diagnose and treat patients to reduce morbidity and mortality from exposure. The ability to diagnose cat sensitization is good, in contrast to dogs. Component resolved diagnostics of sensitization to individual allergenic proteins will dramatically improve diagnosis. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding allergies to dogs and cats, recent advances, therapies such as subcutaneous immunotherapy, and discusses important areas to improve diagnosis and therapy. © The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.},
	author_keywords = {Asthma; Cats; Dogs; Immunotherapy; Rhinitis (allergic)},
	keywords = {albumin; allergen; Can f 3; Can f 5; Can f 7; Fel d 4; Fel d 7; kallikrein; lipocalin; peptide; protein; recombinant allergen; recombinant hypoallergen; recombinant protein; secretoglobulin; serum albumin; unclassified drug; allergy; cat; dog; exposure; household; human; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; patient care; prevalence; Review; sensitization; subcutaneous immunotherapy},
	correspondence_address = {D.Y.M. Leung; Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, 1400 Jackson St, 80206, United States; email: leungd@njhealth.org},
	publisher = {Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
	issn = {20927355},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 70; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Jendrny2021,
	author = {Jendrny, Paula and Twele, Friederike and Meller, Sebastian and Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Erasmus and Schalke, Esther and Volk, Holger Andreas},
	title = {Canine olfactory detection and its relevance to medical detection},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06523-8},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113140015&doi=10.1186%2fs12879-021-06523-8&partnerID=40&md5=4221d903866441c575d4b764060d17d3},
	affiliations = {Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, Hannover, 30559, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, 30559, Germany; Bundeswehr School of Dog Handling, Gräfin-Maltzan-Kaserne, Hochstraße, Ulmen, 56766, Germany},
	abstract = {The extraordinary olfactory sense of canines combined with the possibility to learn by operant conditioning enables dogs for their use in medical detection in a wide range of applications. Research on the ability of medical detection dogs for the identification of individuals with infectious or non-infectious diseases has been promising, but compared to the well-established and–accepted use of sniffer dogs by the police, army and customs for substances such as money, explosives or drugs, the deployment of medical detection dogs is still in its infancy. There are several factors to be considered for standardisation prior to deployment of canine scent detection dogs. Individual odours in disease consist of different volatile organic molecules that differ in magnitude, volatility and concentration. Olfaction can be influenced by various parameters like genetics, environmental conditions, age, hydration, nutrition, microbiome, conditioning, training, management factors, diseases and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses current knowledge on the function and importance of canines’ olfaction and evaluates its limitations and the potential role of the dog as a biomedical detector for infectious and non-infectious diseases. © 2021, The Author(s).},
	author_keywords = {Biomedical detection dogs; Olfaction; Olfactory sense; Screening method; Sniffer dogs},
	keywords = {Animals; Dogs; Learning; Odorants; Smell; fragrance; Canis; coronavirus disease 2019; diagnostic test; neuroanatomy; nonhuman; odor; Review; screening; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; smelling; animal; dog; learning; odor},
	correspondence_address = {H.A. Volk; Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Germany; email: holger.volk@tiho-hannover.de},
	publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd},
	issn = {14712334},
	coden = {BIDMB},
	pmid = {34412582},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {BMC Infect. Dis.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 20; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Gonsalves202159,
	author = {Gonsalves, Michelle D. and Colizza, Kevin and Smith, James L. and Oxley, Jimmie C.},
	title = {In vitro and in vivo studies of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) metabolism in humans},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Forensic Toxicology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {1},
	pages = {59 – 72},
	doi = {10.1007/s11419-020-00540-z},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087979904&doi=10.1007%2fs11419-020-00540-z&partnerID=40&md5=7802d2febbf7fd4ef89e4a0a375104ac},
	affiliations = {Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Rd, Kingston, 02881, RI, United States},
	abstract = {Purpose: Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is a volatile but powerful explosive that appeals to terrorists due to its ease of synthesis from household items. For this reason, bomb squad, canine (K9) units, and scientists must work with this material to mitigate this threat. However, no information on the metabolism of TATP is available. Methods: In vitro experiments using human liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes were performed on TATP and TATP-OH for metabolite identification and enzyme phenotyping. Enzyme kinetics for TATP hydroxylation were also investigated. Urine from laboratory personnel collected before and after working with TATP was analyzed for TATP and its metabolites. Results: While experiments with flavin monooxygenases were inconclusive, those with recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs) strongly suggested that CYP2B6 was the principle enzyme responsible for TATP hydroxylation. TATP-O-glucuronide was also identified and incubations with recombinant uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) indicated that UGT2B7 catalyzes this reaction. Michaelis–Menten kinetics were determined for TATP hydroxylation, with Km = 1.4 µM and Vmax = 8.7 nmol/min/nmol CYP2B6. TATP-O-glucuronide was present in the urine of all three volunteers after being exposed to TATP vapors showing good in vivo correlation to in vitro data. TATP and TATP-OH were not observed. Conclusions: Since scientists working to characterize and detect TATP to prevent terrorist attacks are constantly exposed to this volatile compound, attention should be paid to its metabolism. This paper is the first to elucidate some exposure, metabolism and excretion of TATP in humans and to identify a marker of TATP exposure, TATP-O-glucuronide in urine. © 2020, The Author(s).},
	author_keywords = {CYP2B6 hydroxylation; Human in vitro and in vivo metabolism for TATP exposure; TATP-O-glucuronide; Terrorists; Triacetone triperoxide (TATP); UGT2B7 glucuronidation},
	keywords = {cytochrome P450; cytochrome P450 2B6 inducer; explosive; glucuronosyltransferase; glucuronosyltransferase 2B7; quercetin; recombinant enzyme; triacetone triperoxide; triacetone triperoxide ortho glucuronide; unclassified drug; unspecific monooxygenase; volatile agent; Article; catalysis; chemical structure; correlation analysis; enzyme kinetics; human; human cell; hydroxylation; in vitro study; in vivo study; laboratory personnel; liver microsome; maximum reaction velocity; metabolism; metabolite; Michaelis Menten kinetics; occupational exposure; pharmacokinetic parameters; phenotype; pilot study; priority journal; reproducibility; risk evaluation and mitigation strategy; scientist; synthesis; urinary excretion; urine sampling},
	correspondence_address = {J.C. Oxley; Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 140 Flagg Rd, 02881, United States; email: joxley@chm.uri.edu},
	publisher = {Springer Japan},
	issn = {18608965},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Forensic Toxicol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Healey2022320,
	author = {Healey, Amy and Siefried, Krista J. and Harrod, Mary Ellen and Franklin, Erica and Peacock, Amy and Barratt, Monica J. and Brett, Jonathan},
	title = {Correlates of higher-risk drug-related behaviours at music festivals in New South Wales, Australia},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {Drug and Alcohol Review},
	volume = {41},
	number = {2},
	pages = {320 – 329},
	doi = {10.1111/dar.13404},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119191483&doi=10.1111%2fdar.13404&partnerID=40&md5=c8be37574b071aabd84d802d106e6727},
	affiliations = {St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia; National Centre for Clinical Research on Emerging Drugs, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; DanceWize NSW, New South Wales Users Association, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia},
	abstract = {Introduction: There are few contemporary data on illicit drug use at music festivals. We describe drug use patterns and prevalence of specific higher-risk drug-related behaviours, and their associations with festivalgoer characteristics. Methods: We approached attendees at six major music festivals in New South Wales, Australia, from November 2019 to March 2020. Participants self-completed an anonymous survey on prior and intended drug use and associated higher-risk behaviours; double dropping; higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use; higher quantity 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); mixing stimulants; and preloading. Logistic regression and UpSet analyses were performed to identify festivalgoer characteristics and the intersection of high-risk behaviours, respectively. Results: Of 1229 participants, 372 (30.3%) used or planned to use drugs at the festival. In multivariable analyses, men and those purchasing drugs both inside and outside the venue had greater odds of engaging in higher-risk behaviours. Of those using MDMA, 47.9% reported double dropping. People using drugs for the first time had 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2–8.7) greater odds of higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use. People reporting that police/police dog presence influenced their decision to take drugs had 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.4–3.6) greater odds of preloading. In UpSet analysis, preloading was the most common intersection (17% of those using drugs). Discussions and Conclusions: Engagement in the five higher-risk drug behaviours was common, particularly amongst males and those using drugs for the first time, while police/police dog presence appeared to influence higher-risk behaviours amongst festival attendees. This information can be used to inform harm reduction advice, public health and law enforcement strategies. © 2021 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.},
	author_keywords = {Australia; illicit drugs; music festival; surveys and questionnaires},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Dogs; Holidays; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Music; New South Wales; Substance-Related Disorders; animal; Australia; dog; drug dependence; human; leisure; male; music; New South Wales},
	correspondence_address = {J. Brett; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; email: jonathan.brett@svha.org.au},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},
	issn = {09595236},
	pmid = {34793619},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Drug Alcohol Rev.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 6}
}

@ARTICLE{Santariová2023,
	author = {Santariová, Milena and Polónyiová, Adéla and Svobodová, Ivona and Procházková, Radka and Chaloupková, Helena},
	title = {Comparison of the performance of German Shepherds and Belgian Shepherd Malinois in scent detection tests},
	year = {2023},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
	volume = {258},
	doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105823},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144935744&doi=10.1016%2fj.applanim.2022.105823&partnerID=40&md5=8adca7dba598eec53524d5f6617b8177},
	affiliations = {Czech University of Life Science Prague, Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Science Prague, Department of Statistics, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic},
	abstract = {Detection dogs trained to search for various odorous substances are an effective tool in the fight against crime. Due to the high costs of training and maintaining these dogs, it is necessary to preselect suitable individuals for this purpose. One of the selection criteria is the dog breed. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies that compare dog breeds for their suitability as detection dogs. Until the recent past, German Shepherds were widely used by police, army and customs services around the world. However, over the last few decades, Belgian Shepherd Malinois have become more popular in terms of service cynology. The aim of our study was to compare the two most common working dog breeds, namely the German Shepherd and Belgian Shepherd Malinois (Malinois). The prediction was made that Malinois would not outperform German Shepherds. For this purpose, we evaluated the results of customs dogs (539 German Shepherds and 177 Malinois) currently undergoing their certification process against data from a 10-year database. The certification process consists of two sets of tests: scent detection and obedience. Every scent detection dog was required to search for specific target scents (drugs, banknotes and tobacco) in six training areas that imitated real workplaces. The obedience test consisted of ten tasks, which the dog had to perform (e.g. recall, heelwork, changes of position at the handler's leg). The evaluation of the scent detection and obedience tests was done by certified judges. The data were analysed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS software (version 9.4). The results of the scent tests did not reveal a significant difference between the breeds (P = 0.31) For the obedience test, the scores were higher in Malinois (84%) compared to German Shepherds (80%), with P < 0.01. The age and sex of the dogs did not significantly affect their evaluation in both tests. Our results showed that although Malinois do not outperform German Shepherds in the special discipline - the detection of specific target scents - both breeds are suitable for this purpose. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Belgian Shepherd Malinois; Dog; German Shepherd; Obedience; Scent detection},
	keywords = {canid; comparative study; detection method; software},
	correspondence_address = {H. Chaloupková; Czech University of Life Science Prague, Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Czech Republic; email: chaloupkovah@af.czu.cz},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {01681591},
	coden = {AABSE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1}
}

@ARTICLE{Grigg2022,
	author = {Grigg, Jodie and Barratt, Monica J. and Lenton, Simon},
	title = {Drug policing down under: An investigation of panic consumption, internal concealment and the use of drug amnesty bins among a sample of Australian festivalgoers},
	year = {2022},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {106},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103769},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133762104&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2022.103769&partnerID=40&md5=bdeb4af6eba90262de2c71a64eac29d8},
	affiliations = {National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia},
	abstract = {Background: The use of drug detection dogs and other punitive policing methods remain common at music festivals in Australia and elsewhere, despite concern about iatrogenic effects and recommendations for their overhaul. While drug amnesty bins are a commonly implemented strategy purported to mitigate risk associated with policing, the efficacy of this intervention is debated. This paper investigates two of the most concerning iatrogenic effects of drug policing practices at Australian festivals – internal concealment and panic consumption – and explores the potential efficacy of drug amnesty bins. Methods: A stepped, mixed methods study (qual→QUANT→qual) comprised qualitative interviews with key informants and festivalgoers, and a quantitative online survey completed by almost 2000 Australian festivalgoers (52% male; median age 20 years old). Descriptive statistics were performed alongside bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions predicting internal concealment and panic consumption. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine the qualitative data. Results: Among respondents who had ever used illicit drugs at festivals (n=1065), 23% reported hiding drugs internally to evade police detection and 17% reported panic consumption. Female respondents and respondents expecting dogs were at greater odds of reporting internal concealment. The qualitative data provided greater insight into the risky nature of internal concealment practices and panic incited by police at the gates. When asked if they would have considered discarding their drugs into a drug amnesty bin had they been concerned about detection, less than a quarter (24%) said they definitely or probably would have. Conclusion: This paper adds to the evidence regarding iatrogenic effects of punitive drug policing practices at festivals. The findings have implications for shifting away from punitive policies to ones focused on public health. Additionally, the findings suggest drug amnesty bins should not be viewed as an adequate response for averting harms from drug policing. © 2022},
	author_keywords = {Drug amnesty bins; Drug detection dogs; Drug policing; Internal concealment; Music festivals; Panic consumption},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Dogs; Female; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Illicit Drugs; Male; Police; Substance Abuse Detection; adolescent; adult; Amnesty International; Article; Australian; controlled study; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; drug induced disease; drug use; female; health care policy; health care practice; human; male; panic; pretrial detention; public health; public policy; qualitative research; risk assessment; animal; Australia; dog; epidemiology; iatrogenic disease; police; procedures; substance abuse},
	correspondence_address = {J. Grigg; Perth, GPO Box U1987, 6845, Australia; email: J.grigg@curtin.edu.au},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {09553959},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {35763964},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 6}
}@ARTICLE{Stout2006551,
	author = {Stout, P.R. and Horn, C.K. and Klette, K.L. and Given, J.},
	title = {Occupational exposure to methamphetamine in workers preparing training aids for drug detection dogs},
	year = {2006},
	journal = {Journal of Analytical Toxicology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	pages = {551 – 553},
	doi = {10.1093/jat/30.8.551},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750176319&doi=10.1093%2fjat%2f30.8.551&partnerID=40&md5=b95f939232c6eb8da6f26035e0a315d3},
	affiliations = {Center for Forensic Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, Jacksonville, FL, United States; Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, Great Lakes, IL, United States; Naval Criminal Investigative Service, Regional Forensic Laboratory, Norfolk, VA, United States; Center for Forensic Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., United States},
	abstract = {As a part of ongoing testing of personnel preparing training aids for drug detection dogs at the Naval Criminal Investigative Service Regional Forensic Laboratory, personnel handling methamphetamine (MTH) were subject to voluntary urine drug testing. This provided a model of potential unwitting or environmental exposure contribution to MTH concentrations in urine. Urine samples were collected from multiple individuals on the day before, the day of, and the day after the individuals had handled up to 500-g quantities of MTH during the assembly of training aids. Personnel wore gloves, dust masks, and lab coats during the preparation of training aids. A total of 101 urine samples were analyzed for the presence of MTH and amphetamine (AMP) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction and derivatization. Urine samples collected during and after personnel handled drug yielded a mean MTH concentration of 48 ng/mL with a maximum concentration of 262 ng/mL and a minimum detected concentration of approximately 1.6 ng/mL. Thirty-five of the 52 post drug-handling samples had detectable MTH. Ten of the samples had MTH concentrations above the method limit of quantitation of 15 ng/mL. Only one sample had a concentration greater than 50 ng/mL. None of the samples had detectable AMP. From this limited study, it was evident that handling of MTH under these conditions resulted in minimal exposure and small but detectable concentrations of MTH in urine.},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris; amphetamine; methamphetamine; article; derivatization; dog; drug screening; environmental exposure; gas chromatography; glove; human; mask; mass spectrometry; materials handling; occupational exposure; protective clothing; solid phase extraction; training; urinalysis},
	correspondence_address = {P.R. Stout; Center for Forensic Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., United States; email: pstout@rti.org},
	publisher = {Society of Forensic Toxicologists},
	issn = {01464760},
	coden = {JATOD},
	pmid = {17132250},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Anal. Toxicol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 7}
}

@ARTICLE{Stubbs2005335,
	author = {Stubbs, Desmond D. and Lee, Sang-Hun and Hunt, William D.},
	title = {Vapor phase detection of a narcotic using surface acoustic wave immunoassay sensors},
	year = {2005},
	journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	pages = {335 – 339},
	doi = {10.1109/JSEN.2005.844541},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19944405783&doi=10.1109%2fJSEN.2005.844541&partnerID=40&md5=0fa5467cabbff1f6f7294dd86da8f4bc},
	affiliations = {School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States},
	abstract = {Currently, the narcotic sniffing dog remains the most accurate, reliable, and widely used sensing technology in the war on drugs. However, recent studies done at the Institute for Biological Detection Systems at Auburn University, Auburn, AL, have shown that in the presence of extraneous odors (nontarget odors), these animals show a higher propensity for so-called false alarms. For this reason, there have been an increasing demand for a portable, highly specific vapor-sensing device capable of distinguishing a target vapor signature in a complex odor. In this paper, we present the results of a series of experiments demonstrating real-time vapor phase detection of cocaine molecules. A distinctive response or signature was observed under laboratory conditions, where the cocaine vapors were presented using an INEL vapor generator and under "field" conditions facilitated by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation Crime Lab. For these experiments, the sensor component was an ST-X quartz resonator with a center frequency of approximately 250-MHz, anti-benzoylecgonine (anti-BZE) antibodies are attached to the electrodes on the device surface via a protein-A cross linker. We observed a large transient frequency shift accompanied by baseline shift with the anti-BZE coated sensor. After repeated experiments and the use of numerous controls, we believe that we have achieved real-time molecular recognition of cocaine molecules. © 2005 IEEE.},
	author_keywords = {Cocaine detection; Immunoassay; Monoclonal antibody; Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor},
	keywords = {Antigens; Bioassay; Biosensors; Drug dosage; Immunology; Proteins; Waves; Cocaine detection; Immunoassay; Monoclonal antibody; Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors; Vapors},
	correspondence_address = {D.D. Stubbs; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; email: desmond.stubbs@chemistry.gatech.edu},
	issn = {1530437X},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {IEEE Sensors J.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 16; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer-Tenhagen201163,
	author = {Fischer-Tenhagen, Carola and Wetterholm, Lennart and Tenhagen, Bernd-Alois and Heuwieser, Wolfgang},
	title = {Training dogs on a scent platform for oestrus detection in cows},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
	volume = {131},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {63 – 70},
	doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2011.01.006},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952693719&doi=10.1016%2fj.applanim.2011.01.006&partnerID=40&md5=dde8573639a0ba312c0c3e16ea70c79b},
	affiliations = {Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Hundcampus, Hällefors, Sweden; Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, Germany},
	abstract = {Dogs can be trained for various odour detection tasks, and have been used to search for explosives, drugs or cancer biomarkers. However, there are only a few studies that have attempted to train dogs for oestrus detection using vaginal fluid, milk or urine of cows. In this study, seven dogs were trained utilizing special training equipment to discriminate oestrus against dioestrus scent in vaginal fluid, urine and milk of dairy cows. We set out (1) to determine the length of the learning phase of dogs using vaginal discharge to identify cows in oestrus, (2) to prove that dogs can generalize oestrus specific odour of cows and are not limited to an individual cow scent in oestrus, and (3) to study if dogs can identify oestrus specific odour in urine and milk, after they have been trained with vaginal fluid. Our results demonstrate that dogs can be trained for oestrus detection with vaginal swabs or urine of cows using special laboratory equipment within 52 positive reinforced contacts to the target scent. The dogs were correctly identifying the oestrus sample with a maximum accuracy of 80.3%. They could verify this accuracy in a blinded test situation testing novel samples. The dogs in this study were able to detect oestrus in urine and milk samples spontaneously, after being trained with vaginal fluid samples. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
	author_keywords = {Dairy cow; Detection dogs; Dog scent training; Oestrus detection; Training platform},
	keywords = {Bos; Canis familiaris; biomarker; cancer; canid; cattle; dairy farming; drug; estrogenic compound},
	correspondence_address = {C. Fischer-Tenhagen; 14163 Berlin, Königsweg 65 Haus 27, Germany; email: fischer-tenhagen@gmx.de},
	issn = {01681591},
	coden = {AABSE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 37}
}

@ARTICLE{Dumonceaux1990185,
	author = {Dumonceaux, G.A. and Beasley, V.R.},
	title = {Emergency treatments for police dogs used for illicit drug detection.},
	year = {1990},
	journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
	volume = {197},
	number = {2},
	pages = {185 – 187},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025708080&partnerID=40&md5=49b5a5230d7a4b7e772dab6eaa67a9f5},
	affiliations = {Bolingbrook Animal Hospital, IL 60439.},
	abstract = {The key to saving police dogs that have been exposed to large quantities of illicit substances is rapid action. Removal from the gastrointestinal tract, adsorption, and catharsis are the first steps. Some of these measures can be instituted on site by the attending officer. In case of accidental drug exposures of a dog during a search, police officers should have on hand apomorphine, syringes for administration of the drug and rinsing of the conjunctival sac, activated charcoal, a saline cathartic such as sodium sulfate (not needed if the activated charcoal product contains sorbitol), a resuscitator bag, and a well-fitting canine face mask. If bags of drugs are ingested intact, immediate surgery by a veterinarian may be required to remove the bag and prevent an obstruction or rapid absorption of a lethal dose. Injectible medications to antagonize the effects of the drugs should be reserved for administration by a readily available veterinarian upon arrival of the dog at the veterinary hospital. Pharmacologic antagonistic agents may have adverse side effects, especially if used in the treatment of a drug exposure against which they are not specifically indicated. Proper dosage and route of administration are additional important factors with such treatment. The veterinarian must instruct the police officers on the proper use, dosages, and methods of administration of the detoxifying agents as well as the proper procedures for using the face mask and resuscitator bag before an emergency arises. The officer should also be aware of the clinical signs likely to be produced following exposure to the agents for which these dogs search.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
	keywords = {Amphetamines; Animal; Cocaine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Emergencies; Narcotics; Street Drugs; Tetrahydrocannabinol; amphetamine derivative; cocaine; narcotic agent; street drug; tetrahydrocannabinol; animal; animal disease; dog; dog disease; emergency; iatrogenic disease; review},
	issn = {00031488},
	pmid = {2166724},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J Am Vet Med Assoc},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 19}
}

@ARTICLE{Hearn201191,
	author = {Hearn, Dave},
	title = {Reflections on 10 years of using drug detection dogs in medium secure units},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {Advances in Dual Diagnosis},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2},
	pages = {91 – 101},
	doi = {10.1108/17570971111163028},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897458166&doi=10.1108%2f17570971111163028&partnerID=40&md5=d9634ae9b712975ed685675d554c84dc},
	affiliations = {Security Team Leader, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Purpose – The use of drug detection (sniffer) dogs in psychiatric settings divides opinion among clinicians and service users alike. This paper provides an overview of the use of these dogs within a Medium Secure Unit (MSU). The approach described seeks to challenge preconceptions and suggests that dog searching should be one component of a wider therapeutic approach to working with patients with co-existing mental health and substance misuse problems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reflects on ten years’ experience of using drug detection dogs in MSUs. Findings – A model is presented to promote a more therapeutic and recovery-orientated use of dogs. This incorporates: using readily accessible dogs; carrying out proactive, rather than reactive, searches; operating in an informal and relaxed manner; being motivated by the information gained rather than the drugs found; responding differently to suppliers/dealers and users; and aiming to build therapeutic relationships with patients. Practical implications – A scale is presented which categorises the severity of substance misuse within a service. Drug dogs can be used therapeutically on psychiatric wards to promote a drug-free environment, but this practice should form part of a wider strategy to promote recovery. Investment in proactive searching may produce reductions in substance misuse. Originality/value – The paper will be of value to clinicians and service/security managers involved in the management of substance misuse on inpatient wards (particularly MSUs) where there is a drive to integrate drug detection dogs within a recovery-oriented framework. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
	author_keywords = {Drug/sniffer dogs; Mental health services; Recovery model; Relational security; Secure settings; Substance misuse},
	publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.},
	issn = {17570972},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Adv. Dual Diagn.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2}
}

@ARTICLE{Dunn2009658,
	author = {Dunn, Matthew and Degenhardt, Louisa},
	title = {The use of drug detection dogs in Sydney, Australia},
	year = {2009},
	journal = {Drug and Alcohol Review},
	volume = {28},
	number = {6},
	pages = {658 – 662},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00065.x},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76949087199&doi=10.1111%2fj.1465-3362.2009.00065.x&partnerID=40&md5=bed6bc2b756cf679a6dbe02c4a714a79},
	affiliations = {National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia},
	abstract = {Introduction and Aims: At present there is little research into the use of drug detection dogs. The present study sought to explore the use of detection dogs in Sydney, Australia, utilising multiple data sources. Design and Methods: Data were taken from interviews with 100 regular ecstasy users and 20 key experts as part of the 2006 New SouthWales arm of the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System, and secondary data sources. Results: The majority of regular ecstasy users reported taking some form of precaution if made aware that dogs would be at an event they were attending. A small proportion of the sample reported consuming their drugs when coming into contact with detection dogs. One group of key experts viewed the use of detection dogs as useful; one group disliked the use of detection dogs though cooperated with law enforcement when dogs were used; and one group considered that detection dogs contribute to greater harm. Secondary data sources further suggested that the use of detection dogs do not significantly assist police in identifying and apprehending drug suppliers. Discussion and Conclusions: The present study suggests that regular ecstasy users do not see detection dogs as an obstacle to their drug use. Future research is necessary to explore in greater depth the experiences that drug users have with detection dogs; the effect detection dogs may have on deterring drug consumption; whether encounters with detection dogs contribute to drug-related harm; and the cost-benefit analysis of this law enforcement exercise. © 2009 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.},
	author_keywords = {Australia; Detection dog; Ecstasy; Sniffer dog},
	keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Dogs; Female; Humans; Law Enforcement; Male; Middle Aged; New South Wales; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult; addiction; adolescent; adult; animal; article; Australia; comparative study; dog; female; human; law enforcement; male; methodology; middle aged; substance abuse; utilization review},
	correspondence_address = {M. Dunn; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; email: m.dunn@unsw.edu.au},
	issn = {14653362},
	pmid = {19930020},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Drug Alcohol Rev.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 26}
}

@ARTICLE{Davoust200391,
	author = {Davoust, B. and Marié, J.L. and Mercier, S. and Boni, M. and Vandeweghe, A. and Parzy, D. and Beugnet, F.},
	title = {Assay of fipronil efficacy to prevent canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in endemic areas},
	year = {2003},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {112},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {91 – 100},
	doi = {10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00410-7},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037469958&doi=10.1016%2fS0304-4017%2802%2900410-7&partnerID=40&md5=e337afcfc301dbb83339c280f849ad6c},
	affiliations = {Dir. Regionale Service S. des Armees, 69998 Lyon, Ármées, BP 16, France; Inst. Med. Trop. Serv. S. des Armees, 13998 Marseille, Armees, BP 46, France; Merial SAS, Lyon, France},
	abstract = {Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of fipronil for the prevention of Ehrlichia canis transmission to dogs by Rhipicephalus sanguineus in two endemic areas situated in Africa (Dakar and Djibouti). We carried out controlled trials in kennels for 1 year on 248 dogs, mainly police dogs and military working dogs. Eight groups were studied in a multi-centre study. Fifty five fipronil treated dogs were located in two separated kennels (G3, 37 dogs in Djibouti and G8, 18 dogs in Dakar). G1 (66 dogs) and G2 (60 dogs) were untreated control groups located in Djibouti, whereas G4 (32 dogs), G5 (13 dogs), G6 (18 dogs) and G7 (4 dogs) were the control groups located in Dakar. The epidemiological status of each group is known. G1 and G2 dogs were not kept in kennels, whereas G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8 dogs were housed in equivalent kennels. Tick infestation, clinical status and Ehrlichia seroprevalence were assessed during 1 year (duration of the study). Dog treated with fipronil showed neither canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) nor tick infestations. In all groups of untreated control animals, R. sanguineus tick infestations were frequent, particularly in kennels (G5, G6 and G7) as well as morbidity and mortality due to CME. E. canis infection rates were low for fipronil treated animals: 2.7% (1/37) for G3 and 5.5% (1/18) for G8 group. Among control animals, seroprevalence was maximum (100%) in dogs kept in kennels (G5, G6 and G7 groups) and high among native dogs in Djibouti (G1 group): 69.7% (46/66) and in Dakar (G4 group): 50% (16/32). Dogs belonging to expatriate citizens (G2 group) were less likely to be infected: 21.7% (13/60). The comparison of serological results among French army dogs and French citizen dogs that were introduced in Djibouti for an average of 10 months shows a statistically significant (P<0.001) difference. Among fipronil treated animals (G3 group), 2 dogs out of 55 seroconverted (3.6%) compared to 13 out of 60 dogs (21.7%) in the control G2 group. The results of our study indicate the preventative efficacy of a fipronil monthly treatment to avoid CME in endemic areas. Epidemiological data concerning animals that live in the same endemic areas are an example of the serious consequences (in terms of mortality and morbidity) that are related to the absence of efficient methods for tick-control. In order to protect dogs that are in transit in endemic areas against tick-transmitted diseases, the use of an adapted acaricide product is recommended. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Dog; Ehrlichia canis; Ehrlichiosis; Fipronil; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Ticks},
	keywords = {Africa; Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ehrlichia canis; Ehrlichiosis; Insecticides; Pyrazoles; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Tick Infestations; Ticks; Acari; Animalia; Canis; Canis familiaris; Ehrlichia; Ehrlichia canis; Rhipicephalus; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; fipronil; animal tissue; article; controlled study; dog; drug efficacy; Ehrlichia canis; ehrlichiosis; endemic disease; epidemiological data; female; infestation; male; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; seroconversion; seroprevalence; tick},
	correspondence_address = {B. Davoust; Dir. Regionale Service S. des Armees, 69998 Lyon, Ármées, BP 16, France; email: bernard.davoust@mageos.com},
	issn = {03044017},
	coden = {VPARD},
	pmid = {12581587},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Parasitol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 50}
}

@ARTICLE{Browne200697,
	author = {Browne, Clare and Stafford, Kevin and Fordham, Robin},
	title = {The use of scent-detection dogs},
	year = {2006},
	journal = {Irish Veterinary Journal},
	volume = {59},
	number = {2},
	pages = {97 – 104},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32544432072&partnerID=40&md5=6a7af51acdc17119ace96be50e0fce49},
	affiliations = {Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand},
	abstract = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) can detect substances at much lower concentrations than humans (Thorne, 1995) and their area of olfactory epithelium (18 to 150 cm2; Dodd and Squirrel, 1980, cited in Thorne, 1995) is much greater than that of humans (3 cm2; Albone, 1984). Dogs are used by humans to locate a range of substances because of their superior olfactory acuity. This paper reviews the use of scent-detection dogs to detect non-biological scents (explosives, chemical contaminants, illegal drugs) and biological scents (human odours, animal scents) and their role in conservation.},
	keywords = {Animalia; Canis familiaris; Canis lupus; Sciuridae},
	correspondence_address = {C. Browne; Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; email: clare_browne@yahoo.co.nz},
	issn = {03680762},
	coden = {IVTJA},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Ir. Vet. J.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 89}
}

@ARTICLE{Abe2011363,
	author = {Abe, Yasuyuki and Suwa, Yoshinori and Asano, Tomoyoshi and Ueta, Yoshiko Yanagimoto and Kobayashi, Nanae and Ohshima, Natsumi and Shirasuna, Saori and Abdel-Ghani, Mohammed Ali and Oi, Maya and Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu and Miyoshi, Masafumi and Miyahara, Kazuro and Suzuki, Hiroshi},
	title = {Cryopreservation of canine embryos},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {Biology of Reproduction},
	volume = {84},
	number = {2},
	pages = {363 – 368},
	doi = {10.1095/biolreprod.110.087312},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650788433&doi=10.1095%2fbiolreprod.110.087312&partnerID=40&md5=41267475bd4385bf7bd351bc81e8d255},
	affiliations = {Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555, Nishi 2-13, Japan; Hokkaido Guide Dog Association, Sapporo, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan},
	abstract = {The assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, and cryopreservation of gametes have contributed considerably to the development of biomedical sciences in addition to improving infertility treatments in humans as well as the breeding of domestic animals. However, ARTs used in canine species have strictly limited utility when compared with other mammalian species, including humans. Although successful somatic cell cloning has been reported, artificial insemination by frozen semen to date is only available for the improved breeding and reproduction for companion and working dogs as well as guide dogs for the blind. We describe here the successful cryopreservation of embryos and subsequent embryo transfer in dogs. Canine embryos were collected from excised reproductive organs after artificial insemination and subsequently cryopreserved by a vitrification method. When the 4-cell to morula stage of cryopreserved embryos were nonsurgically transferred into the uteri of nine recipient bitches using a cystoscope, five recipients became pregnant and four of them delivered a total of seven pups. The cryopreservation of embryos in canine species will facilitate the transportation and storage of genetic materials and will aid in the elimination of vertically transmitted diseases in dogs. In addition, this technique will contribute to the improved breeding of companion and working dogs such as guide dogs, drug-detecting dogs, and quarantine dogs. © 2011 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.},
	author_keywords = {Dog; Embryo; Nonsurgical transfer; Vitrification},
	keywords = {Animals; Breeding; Cryopreservation; Dogs; Embryo Transfer; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Morula; Pregnancy; Animalia; Canidae; Canis familiaris; Mammalia; animal experiment; animal model; article; artificial insemination; breeding; controlled study; cryopreservation; dog; domestic animal; embryo; embryo transfer; female; gamete; infertility therapy; male; nonhuman; priority journal; reproduction; somatic cell},
	correspondence_address = {H. Suzuki; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555, Nishi 2-13, Japan; email: hisuzuki@obihiro.ac.jp},
	issn = {15297268},
	coden = {BIREB},
	pmid = {20926804},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Biol. Reprod.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 26; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Maejima2007287,
	author = {Maejima, Masami and Inoue-Murayama, Miho and Tonosaki, Keiichi and Matsuura, Naoto and Kato, Shota and Saito, Yasuhiro and Weiss, Alexander and Murayama, Yuichi and Ito, Shin'ichi},
	title = {Traits and genotypes may predict the successful training of drug detection dogs},
	year = {2007},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
	volume = {107},
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {287 – 298},
	doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2006.10.005},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34948819779&doi=10.1016%2fj.applanim.2006.10.005&partnerID=40&md5=a6b9a210fd77a18263fe385dad7be049},
	affiliations = {Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Oral Physiology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan; The School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Japan},
	abstract = {In Japan, approximately 30% of dogs that enter training programs to become drug detection dogs successfully complete training. To clarify factors related to the aptitude of drug detection dogs and develop an assessment tool, we evaluated genotypes and behavioural traits of 197 candidate dogs. The behavioural traits were evaluated within 2 weeks from the start of training and included general activity, obedience training, concentration, affection demand, aggression toward dogs, anxiety, and interest in target. Principal components analysis of these ratings yielded two components: Desire for Work and Distractibility. Desire for Work was significantly related to successful completion of training (P < 0.001). Since 93.3% of dogs that passed training and 53.3% of the dogs that failed training had Desire for Work scores of 45 or higher, we will be able to reject about half of inappropriate dogs before 3 months of training by adopting this cut-off point. We also surveyed eight polymorphic regions of four genes that have been related to human personality dimensions. Genotypes were not related to whether dogs passed, but there was a weak relationship between Distractibility and a 5HTT haplotype (P < 0.05). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Behavioural traits; Drug detection dog; Genotype; Training},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris; canid; detection method; drug; genotype; training},
	correspondence_address = {M. Inoue-Murayama; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; email: miho-i@gifu-u.ac.jp},
	issn = {01681591},
	coden = {AABSE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 86}
}

@ARTICLE{Dray2012148,
	author = {Dray, Anne and Perez, Pascal and Moore, David and Dietze, Paul and Bammer, Gabriele and Jenkinson, Rebecca and Siokou, Christine and Green, Rachael and Hudson, Susan L. and Maher, Lisa},
	title = {Are drug detection dogs and mass-media campaigns likely to be effective policy responses to psychostimulant use and related harm? Results from an agent-based simulation model},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	pages = {148 – 153},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.05.018},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82655172955&doi=10.1016%2fj.drugpo.2011.05.018&partnerID=40&md5=73dd598a0a78cea30abc6ee1cef30f6a},
	affiliations = {Resource Management in Asia-Pacific Program, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Melbourne Office, Fitzroy VIC 3065, 54-62 Gertrude St, Australia; Monash Institute of Health Services Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton VIC 3168, Locked Bag 29, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, 99 Commercial Rd, Australia; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2010, Level 2, 376 Victoria Street, Australia},
	abstract = {Background: Agent-based simulation models can be used to explore the impact of policy and practice on drug use and related consequences. In a linked paper (Perez et al., 2011), we described SimAmph, an agent-based simulation model for exploring the use of psychostimulants and related harm amongst young Australians. Methods: In this paper, we use the model to simulate the impact of two policy scenarios on engagement in drug use and experience of drug-related harm: (i) the use of passive-alert detection (PAD) dogs by police at public venues and (ii) the introduction of a mass-media drug prevention campaign. Results: The findings of the first simulation suggest that only very high rates of detection by PAD dogs reduce the intensity of drug use, and that this decrease is driven mainly by a four-fold increase in negative health consequences as detection rates rise. In the second simulation, our modelling showed that the mass-media prevention campaign had little effect on the behaviour and experience of heavier drug users. However, it led to reductions in the prevalence of health-related conditions amongst moderate drug users and prevented them from becoming heavier users. Conclusion: Agent-based modelling has great potential as a tool for exploring the reciprocal relationships between environments and individuals, and for highlighting how intended changes in one domain of a system may produce unintended consequences in other domains. The exploration of these linkages is important in an environment as complex as the drug policy and intervention arena. © 2011 Elsevier B.V..},
	author_keywords = {Agent-based modelling; Australia; Drug-related harm; Mass-media campaigns; Passive-alert detection (PAD) dogs; Psychostimulants},
	keywords = {Animals; Australia; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Computer Simulation; Dogs; Drug and Narcotic Control; Harm Reduction; Health Policy; Humans; Law Enforcement; Mass Media; Models, Theoretical; Police; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; cannabis; methamphetamine; psychostimulant agent; article; Australia; controlled study; dog; drug abuse pattern; drug traffic; harm reduction; health care planning; health care policy; health hazard; health program; human; mass medium; police; preventive health service; priority journal; process development; process model; public health problem; public health service},
	correspondence_address = {D. Moore; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Melbourne Office, Fitzroy VIC 3065, 54-62 Gertrude St, Australia; email: D.Moore@curtin.edu.au},
	issn = {18734758},
	coden = {IJDPE},
	pmid = {21742481},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Drug Policy},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 10}
}

@ARTICLE{Weiss2007440,
	author = {Weiss, Douglas J.},
	title = {Evaluation of antineutrophil IgG antibodies in persistently neutropenic dogs},
	year = {2007},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine},
	volume = {21},
	number = {3},
	pages = {440 – 444},
	doi = {10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[440:EOAIAI]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249297352&doi=10.1892%2f0891-6640%282007%2921%5b440%3aEOAIAI%5d2.0.CO%3b2&partnerID=40&md5=592a26ee9b8d7357d421c6c39f722f60},
	affiliations = {Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, United States},
	abstract = {Background: Immune-mediated neutropenia (IMN) is one of several causes of persistent neutropenia in dogs. A test to detect IMN in dogs is not available. Hypothesis: A flow cytometric immunofluorescence assay will provide a sensitive method for detection of antineutrophil antibodies in dogs. Animals: The study included 12 neutropenic dogs and 20 healthy dogs. Methods: An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to dog neutrophils. Leukoagglutination was evaluated by light microscopy. Neutrophil distribution in scatter plots, neutrophil fluorescence intensity, and the percentage of neutrophils with increased fluorescence intensity was evaluated by use of flow cytometry. Results: Antineutrophil antibodies were detected in the serum of 5 of 6 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of IMN. Leukoagglutination was present in 3 dogs. Four dogs had altered neutrophil distribution in forward-angle versus side-angle light scatter plots. Five of 6 dogs had increased neutrophil fluorescence intensity and 4 of 6 dogs had an increased percentage of neutrophils with increased fluorescence intensity. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The flow cytometric test for antineutrophil antibodies detects dogs with a clinical diagnosis of IMN. Testing for antineutrophil antibodies should include observation for leukoagglutination, observation of scatter plots for altered distribution of the neutrophil population, observation of the shape of the fluorescence histogram, determination of neutrophil fluorescence intensity, and determination of the percentage of neutrophils with increased fluorescence intensity. Copyright © 2007 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.},
	author_keywords = {Flow cytometry; Immune-mediated neutropenia; Leukoagglutination; Leukopenia; Neutrophil immunofluorescence},
	keywords = {Animals; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Leukocytes; Male; Neutropenia; Proteins; Animalia; Canis familiaris; antinuclear antibody; leukoagglutinins, leukocytes; protein; unclassified drug; animal; animal disease; article; blood; case control study; dog; dog disease; female; flow cytometry; fluorescent antibody technique; immunology; leukocyte; male; neutropenia},
	correspondence_address = {D.J. Weiss; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, United States; email: weiss005@umn.edu},
	issn = {08916640},
	pmid = {17552448},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Intern. Med.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 21}
}

@ARTICLE{Bough2003706,
	author = {Bough, Mindy G.},
	title = {Cocaine toxicosis: Don't get "snowed"},
	year = {2003},
	journal = {Veterinary Technician},
	volume = {24},
	number = {10},
	pages = {706 – 708},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242690132&partnerID=40&md5=a7f32bc2dab0e573a1eacf5239559b4d},
	affiliations = {ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, Urbana, IL, United States},
	abstract = {Any amount of cocaine can be toxic to an animal, and animals from many walks of life are at risk for exposure to this drug. Animals whose owners keep the drug in their home are at greatest risk, but there have also been cases in which police dogs were exposed or the drug was brought into a home without the pet owner's knowledge. Certain health food teas are also an exposure risk. Therefore, veterinary technicians should be prepared to recognize and treat cocaine toxicosis in all animals.},
	keywords = {Animalia; Canis familiaris; acepromazine; barbituric acid derivative; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; chlorpromazine; cocaine; diazepam; naloxone; propranolol derivative; animal care; clinical feature; concentration response; diagnostic procedure; exposure; health food; home care; hyperactivity; intoxication; nonhuman; prognosis; quality of life; risk assessment; seizure; short survey; tachycardia; technology; tremor; veterinary medicine},
	issn = {87508990},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Tech.},
	type = {Short survey},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Riva201211,
	author = {Riva, Jacopo and Marelli, Stefano P. and Redaelli, Veronica and Bondiolotti, Gianpietro P. and Sforzini, Elisabetta and Santoro, Michele Matteo and Carenzi, Corrado and Verga, Marina and Luzi, Fabio},
	title = {The effects of drug detection training on behavioral reactivity and blood neurotransmitter levels in drug detection dogs: A preliminary study},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	pages = {11 – 20},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jveb.2011.04.002},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855561916&doi=10.1016%2fj.jveb.2011.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=1385ce6218010bb5f056cb7c81f80fcd},
	affiliations = {Department of Animal Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Med Vet, Libero professionista, Broni (PV), Italy; Guardia di Finanza, Servizio Cinofili, Castiglione del Lago (PG), Italy},
	abstract = {The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of drug detection training on behavior and blood neurotransmitter levels in drug detection dogs so as to investigate some variables influencing dog reactivity and responsiveness to training. In all, 20 dogs were sampled out of the Guardia di Finanza canine population. All the subjects were born, reared, housed, and trained in the same facility and followed the same training sessions. Dogs' behavioral reactivity was scored according to a standardized working dogs test to evaluate natural dog attitudes. Plasma samples were analyzed bythe high-performance liquid chromatography method to evaluate adrenaline, noradrenaline, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol acid (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. 5-HT and 5-HIAA were also analyzed from platelets. The analysis was carried out considering training, breed, and sex as independent variables. From a behavioral point of view, significant differences were recorded before and after training in " sociability," " playfulness," " predatory instinct," and " aggressiveness" scores. Lower levels of platelet 5-HT and 5-HIAA were found after training. Plasma L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels differed between sexes, with males showing higher concentrations. These results underline the importance of complete and objective evaluations protocols of the dogs before, during, and after drugs search training to determine effective and successful selection strategies and training procedures. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.},
	author_keywords = {Behavioral reactivity; Blood neurotransmitters; Stress; Working dog},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris},
	correspondence_address = {S.P. Marelli; Department of Animal Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Via Celoria, Medicine 10, Italy; email: stefano.marelli@unimi.it},
	issn = {15587878},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Behav.: Clin. Appl. Res.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 11}
}

@ARTICLE{Dey200489,
	author = {Dey, P.C. and Nayak, D.C. and Pradhan, N.R. and Bahadur, S. and Dechamma, B.V. and Nath, B. and Mukherjee, S.K.},
	title = {Clinical evaluation of herbal StressEaze against stress in dogs},
	year = {2004},
	journal = {Phytomedica},
	volume = {5},
	pages = {89 – 95},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13944255509&partnerID=40&md5=ef84b66cccee73617af3bf26af340219},
	affiliations = {Dept. of Medicine, Veterinary College, Kolkata, India; NDMC Canine Hospital, Motibagh, New Delhi, India; Canine Clinic, Defence Colony, New Delhi, India; Canine Clinic, Kolkata, B.B. Avenue, India; Department of Medicine, Coll. of Vet. Sci./Animal Husbandry, O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar-751 003, India},
	abstract = {StressEaze a herbal antistress, adaptogenic and antioxidant product of Indian Herbs, Saharanpur was tried clinically to evaluate its efficacy against different types of stress commonly encountered by pet dogs. Seven canine clinics located at Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Delhi and Kolkata were identified for this study and veterinary physicians I/C of these canine clinics were involved in this trial. Altogether, 124 dogs suffering from different types of stress conditions were identified clinically and treated with StressEaze one capsule orally twice daily for adult dogs and one capsule orally once daily for pups and small breeds of dogs for 2-4 weeks according to the progress of the cases. The results of the study revealed that 103 dogs (83%) recovered and they became normal in condition, behaviour, performance and fitness. Out of 27 dogs suffering from heat stress, 22 (81.5%) dogs were cured in 10-20 days treatment. Out of 13 dogs suffering from transportation stress and treated with StressEaze 10 (76.9%) dogs became normal in 2 weeks. Twenty six dogs having stress due to rigorous exercise during training period and sports when treated with StressEaze 21 (80.8%) dogs became normal and got adapted to exercise stress in 2-3 weeks. Out of 32 sports and detective dogs treated with StressEaze 30 (93.8%) dogs showed improvement in behaviour, fitness, concentration, performance and endurance. Further, StressEaze was also found very useful tonic in 20 (76.9%) out of 26 geriatric pets. The herbal StressEaze is found to be having excellent antioxidant, adaptogenic and antistress properties. It is free from any toxic and side effects even on long term administration.},
	keywords = {alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; chromium; Emblica officinalis extract; herbaceous agent; Ocimum sanctum extract; stresseaze; Withania somnifera extract; adaptive behavior; animal behavior; article; basil; chronic drug administration; clinical examination; controlled study; dog disease; drug efficacy; drug safety; Emblica officinalis; endurance; exercise; fitness; functional assessment; heat stress; herbal medicine; India; mental concentration; nonhuman; sport; stress; task performance; traffic and transport; training; treatment outcome; Withania},
	issn = {09723293},
	coden = {PHYTC},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Phytomedica},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Furton2002147,
	author = {Furton, Kenneth G. and Hong, Yi-cheng and Hsu, Ya-Li and Luo, Tianying and Rose, Stefan and Walton, John},
	title = {Identification of odor signature chemicals in cocaine using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography and detector-dog response to isolated compounds spiked on U.S. paper currency},
	year = {2002},
	journal = {Journal of Chromatographic Science},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	pages = {147 – 155},
	doi = {10.1093/chromsci/40.3.147},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036489959&doi=10.1093%2fchromsci%2f40.3.147&partnerID=40&md5=5a99f2b0212190d58f5d58d7492512c1},
	affiliations = {Department of Chemistry, Intl. Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, University Park, United States},
	abstract = {Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) is optimized and applied to the analysis of street-cocaine samples followed by the field-testing of isolated chemicals using certified detector dogs. SPME proves to be a very sensitive and rapid method for isolating odor chemicals from street-cocaine samples. SPME-GC and activated charcoal strip (ACS)-SPME-GC signature profile methods are developed for the detection and quantitation of cocaine-odor chemicals, including the optimization of controllable variables such as fiber chemistry, extraction time, and desorption time. The volatile odor chemicals in representative illicit cocaine samples are identified and quantitated by the ACS-SPME-GC signature profile method and direct injection. Field tests with drug detector dogs show methyl benzoate to be the dominant signature odor chemical along with cocaine on U.S. currency at a threshold level of approximately 1-10 μg when spiked or when 10 ng/s methyl benzoate is diffused from polymer bottles, which is required in order to initiate an alert. No other substance studied initiated consistent responses by the drug dogs. The results indicate that the microgram levels of cocaine that have been reported on circulated U.S. currency are insufficient to signal an alert from law-enforcement trained drug detector dogs.},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris; benzoic acid derivative; charcoal; cocaine; methyl benzoate; unclassified drug; article; certification; chemical analysis; chemical composition; cocaine dependence; concentration process; diffusion; dog; drug determination; drug identification; extraction; fiber; gas chromatography; isolation procedure; law enforcement; money; nonhuman; odor; process optimization; quantitative analysis; solid phase microextraction; United States},
	correspondence_address = {K.G. Furton; Department of Chemistry, Intl. Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, University Park, United States; email: furtonk@fiu.edu},
	publisher = {Preston Publications},
	issn = {00219665},
	coden = {JCHSB},
	pmid = {11954652},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Chromatogr. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 49; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Davidson2008384,
	author = {Davidson, Gigi S.},
	title = {Canine public servants: Caring for drug detection dogs},
	year = {2008},
	journal = {International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding},
	volume = {12},
	number = {5},
	pages = {384 – 390},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949426954&partnerID=40&md5=a06e4b6d1cb8ac044503afeeee6f5364},
	affiliations = {College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarinary Teaching Hospital Pharmacy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States},
	abstract = {Dogs are utilized more and more to seek out illicit and hazardous substances under the guidance of humans. Therefore, veterinarians, dog handlers, and pharmacists must all collaborate to ensure adequate protection, treatment, and care for detection dogs in the line of duty. Ideally, veterinarians and pharmacists can work together to train and equip dog handlers with state of the art instructions and animal emergency kits that can provide life-saving decontamination at the site of exposure. Pharmacists can collaborate with veterinarians to provide animal emergency kits containing essential treatment aids such as apomorphine, hydrogen peroxide, activated charcoal/ sorbitol cathartic suspension, ocular irrigants, and instructions and associated devices for administration. Immediate intervention provides the best prognosis for canine heroes that suffer exposure to occupational toxicological hazards.},
	keywords = {activated carbon; amphetamine; apomorphine; cannabis; capsaicin; cocaine; emetic agent; hydrogen peroxide; illicit drug; laxative; magnesium sulfate; phencyclidine; sorbitol; animal care; article; bomb; dangerous goods; dog; first aid; intoxication; nonhuman; occupational hazard; pharmacist; police; veterinary medicine},
	correspondence_address = {G. S. Davidson; College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarinary Teaching Hospital Pharmacy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; email: gigi_davidson@ncsu.edu},
	issn = {10924221},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. J. Pharm. Compd.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1}
}

@ARTICLE{Khalifa2008253,
	author = {Khalifa, Najat and Gibbon, Simon and Duggan, Conor},
	title = {Police and sniffer dogs in psychiatric settings},
	year = {2008},
	journal = {Psychiatric Bulletin},
	volume = {32},
	number = {7},
	pages = {253 – 256},
	doi = {10.1192/pb.bp.107.017483},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-46749092956&doi=10.1192%2fpb.bp.107.017483&partnerID=40&md5=1b0090fb7a8e463d384e56c3028ada27},
	affiliations = {Section of Forensic Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, Universityof Nottingham, Nottingham NG3 6AA, Porchester Road, United Kingdom; Forensic Mental Health Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Aims and method: To study the views of staff and patients on the use of sniffer dogs to detect illicit drugs and the prosecution of in-patients suspected of taking illicit drugs. A 15-item self-report questionnaire was given to all in-patients and staff who had any contact with patients in a medium-secure unit. Responses to the individual statements were measured on a five-point Likert scale and staff and patients' responses were compared. Results: We achieved a response rate of 63% (patient response rate, 71.6%; staff response rate, 60.7%). Overall there were fewer differences than anticipated, although, as expected, staff viewed the impact of illicit drugs more negatively than patients, and on the other hand, patients viewed the use of sniffer dogs and police involvement more negatively than the staff did. Clinical implications: Notice ought to be taken of the discordance between staff and patients' views (particularly in relation to consent and confidentiality) when attempting to detect and manage illicit drug use among psychiatric in-patients.},
	keywords = {illicit drug; adult; article; confidentiality; controlled study; dog; drug abuse; female; health personnel attitude; human; informed consent; legal aspect; legal liability; major clinical study; male; mental health care; mental patient; nonhuman; patient attitude; patient right; police; questionnaire; self report},
	correspondence_address = {N. Khalifa; Section of Forensic Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, Universityof Nottingham, Nottingham NG3 6AA, Porchester Road, United Kingdom; email: najat.khalifa@nottingham.ac.uk},
	issn = {09556036},
	coden = {PBULE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Psychiatr. Bull.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Davis2011597,
	author = {Davis, J.A. and Jackson, C.R. and Fedorka-Cray, P.J. and Barrett, J.B. and Brousse, J.H. and Gustafson, J. and Kucher, M.},
	title = {Anatomical distribution and genetic relatedness of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from healthy companion animals},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology},
	volume = {110},
	number = {2},
	pages = {597 – 604},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04920.x},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650969530&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2672.2010.04920.x&partnerID=40&md5=6b32a92e4146837d7e21c1d964f13712},
	affiliations = {Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, United States; Classic City Cat and Dog Clinic, Athens, GA, United States; Hope Animal Medical Center, Athens, GA, United States; Good Hands Veterinary Hospital, Athens, GA, United States},
	abstract = {Aims: Escherichia coli have been targeted for studying antimicrobial resistance in companion animals because of opportunistic infections and as a surrogate for resistance patterns in zoonotic organisms. The aim of our study is to examine antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from various anatomical sites on healthy dogs and cats and identify genetic relatedness.Methods and Results: From May to August, 2007, healthy companion animals (155 dogs and 121 cats) from three veterinary clinics in the Athens, GA, USA, were sampled. Escherichia coli was isolated from swabs of nasal, oral, rectal, abdomen and hindquarter areas. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 16 antimicrobials was performed using broth microdilution with the Sensititre™ system. Clonal types were determined by a standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol. Although rectal swabs yielded the most E. coli (165/317; 52%) from dogs and cats, the organism was distributed evenly among the other body sites sampled. Escherichia coli isolates from both dogs and cats exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials tested with the exception of amikacin, cephalothin and kanamycin. Resistance to ampicillin was the most prevalent resistance phenotype detected (dogs, 33/199; 17%; and cats, 27/118; 23%). Among the resistant isolates, 21 resistance patterns were observed, where 18 patterns represented multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance ≥2 antimicrobial classes). Also among the resistant isolates, 33 unique clonal types were detected, where each clonal type contained isolates from various sampling sites. Similar resistance phenotypes were exhibited among clonal types, and three clonal types were from both dogs and cats.Conclusions: Healthy companion animals can harbour antimicrobial-resistant E. coli on body sites that routinely come in contact with human handlers.Significance and Impact of the Study: This study is the first report that demonstrates a diverse antimicrobial-resistant E. coli population distributed over various sites of a companion animal's body, thereby suggesting potential transfer of resistant microflora to human hosts during contact. © 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology. No claim to US Government works.},
	author_keywords = {Antimicrobial resistance; Clonal types; Commensals; Pets},
	keywords = {Animalia; Canis familiaris; Escherichia coli; Animals; Electrophoresis; amikacin; ampicillin; cefalotin; kanamycin; Anatomical distribution; Antimicrobial resistances; Antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Clonal type; Commensal; E. coli; Genetic relatedness; Microdilution; Opportunistic infections; Pet; anatomy; antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial activity; canid; coliform bacterium; commensal; felid; infectivity; phenotype; abdomen; animal experiment; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterium isolation; broth dilution; cat; controlled study; dog; drug distribution; Escherichia coli; female; host; male; microflora; molecular cloning; molecular phylogeny; multidrug resistance; nonhuman; nose smear; phenotype; pulsed field gel electrophoresis; rectum; throat culture; United States; veterinary anatomy; veterinary medicine; Escherichia coli},
	correspondence_address = {C.R. Jackson; Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, 950 College Station Rd, RRC, United States; email: charlene.jackson@ars.usda.gov},
	issn = {13645072},
	coden = {JAMIF},
	pmid = {21208353},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Appl. Microbiol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 7}
}

@ARTICLE{Marks2007257,
	author = {Marks, Amber},
	title = {Drug detection dogs and the growth of olfactory surveillance: beyond the rule of law?},
	year = {2007},
	journal = {Surveillance and Society},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	pages = {257 – 271},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57849115707&partnerID=40&md5=e651f4f1d4be9ba5f3b3f978f4add04c},
	affiliations = {School of Law, King’s College, London, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Since the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 in the United Kingdom, a significant expansion in the use of drug detection dogs, the most common tool of olfactory surveillance, has taken place with relatively little debate, without specific legislative authority and in the absence of a code of practice. In contrast, the use of the dogs in New South Wales, Australia and in the United States has been the subject of Supreme Court decisions, and in New South Wales, of parliamentary legislation and an independent review by the New South Wales Ombudsman. This paper will argue that the difficult legal issues raised by olfactory surveillance are similar to those raised by other forms of ‘new surveillance’ in the criminal justice system and that the failure of the legal system to deal with these issues in the case of olfactory surveillance could amount to a dangerous precedent for the regulation of other surveillance technologies. © 2007 Surveillance & Society and the author(s). All rights reserved.},
	correspondence_address = {A. Marks; School of Law, King’s College, London, United Kingdom; email: amber.marks@gmail.com},
	publisher = {Surveillance Studies Network},
	issn = {14777487},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Surveill. Soc.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 23}
}

@ARTICLE{Beyazit201068,
	author = {Beyazit, Ayşen and Inceboz, Tonay and Over, Leyla},
	title = {[Contribution to one world, one health: a dog with demodicosis.].; [Tek Tip, Tek Saǧlik Konseptine Katki: Demodicosisli Bir Köpek.]},
	year = {2010},
	journal = {Türkiye parazitolojii dergisi / Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneǧi = Acta parasitologica Turcica / Turkish Society for Parasitology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	pages = {68 – 71},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857700493&partnerID=40&md5=2e70bccb9b8ee7bdaed882ec6e2d98d9},
	affiliations = {Parazitoloji, Türkiye., Bornova Veteriner Kontrol ve Araştirma Ensititüsü, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey},
	abstract = {Dogs are the most preferred pet animal in the world. Canine demodicosis is a skin disease of dogs in which there is proliferation of Demodex canis, an acarine parasite of canine hair follicles, and is typically manifested by alopecia as well as inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Secondary bacterial infection often induces pustule and a crusting dermatitis. Two years ago, a police dog eight years old, without any previous health problem, was brought to a private veterinary clinic for edematous and inflammatory lesions on the soles of its feet. In the clinic, antibacterial and antimicotics were applied for treatment of the lesions, but ten months after completion of the therapy the lesions relapsed and the treatment was repeated. But again six months after the last treatment, the lesions spread widely and the general health status of the dog began to worsen. Finally the dog was brought for treatment to the Izmir Bornova Veterinary Research Institution. Microscopic examination of all the skin scrapings revealed the presence of 10-15 adult Demodex mites per cm(2) and the diagnosis was pododemodicosis. Treatment was performed with ivermectin, antibacterial drugs and beta-glucan. The density of Demodex was reduced after two months of therapy and there was clinical and microscopical improvement. Six months after completion of the therapy the lesions disappeared completely.},
	keywords = {Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mite Infestations; Mites; animal; animal disease; article; case report; classification; differential diagnosis; dog; dog disease; mite; mite infestation; parasitology},
	issn = {13006320},
	pmid = {20340093},
	language = {Turkish},
	abbrev_source_title = {Turkiye Parazitol Derg},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@CONFERENCE{Furton199941,
	author = {Furton, Kenneth G. and Hsu, Ya-Li and Luo, Tianying and Norelus, Arold and Rose, Stefan},
	title = {Field and laboratory comparison of the sensitivity and reliability of cocaine detection on currency using chemical sensors, humans, K-9s and SPME/GC/MS/MS analysis},
	year = {1999},
	journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
	volume = {3576},
	pages = {41 – 46},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032654334&partnerID=40&md5=f4a2d0b931bef422ff489f0d7c02796a},
	affiliations = {Florida Int Univ, Miami, United States},
	abstract = {Reports that money in general circulation is contaminated with cocaine have resulted in contaminated money theories purporting that any person carrying currency could potentially initiate a drug or dog alert. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)/gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS is capable of detecting femtogram quantities of methyl benzoate, which is much lower than the threshold level of detector dogs studied to date. Human tests revealed a similar threshold level of detection for methyl benzoate but with less reliability than for drug detector dogs. Overall, the scientific results indicate that circulated currency, innocently contaminated with μg quantities of cocaine would not cause a properly trained detection dog to signal an alert.},
	keywords = {Chemical sensors; Extraction; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Odors; Currency cocaine detection; Solid-phase microextraction (SPME); Drug products},
	publisher = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers},
	issn = {0277786X},
	coden = {PSISD},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 7; Conference name: Proceedings of the 1998 Investigation and Forensic Science Technologies; Conference date: ; Conference code: 55068}
}

@ARTICLE{Buchbauer1994181,
	author = {Buchbauer, G. and Nikiforov, A. and Remberg, B.},
	title = {Headspace constituents of opium},
	year = {1994},
	journal = {Planta Medica},
	volume = {60},
	number = {2},
	pages = {181 – 183},
	doi = {10.1055/s-2006-959447},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028324190&doi=10.1055%2fs-2006-959447&partnerID=40&md5=a6c432cd16506783784b24cba0f13de5},
	affiliations = {Inst. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Wahringerstrasse 10, Austria},
	abstract = {The headspace of medicinal opium (Ph. Ned. 8) was analyzed by means of GC-FID, (+EI)-GC-MS (low and high resolution), and GC-FTIR. After olfactoric evaluation of the headspace sample by professional perfumers by the use of the GC-sniffing technique and after correlation tests with trained police dogs, more than 70 components were identified. With regard to the characteristic olfactoric properties of opium only one class of components, namely pyrazines, is of special interest. The synthetic mixture of 2-methyl-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine with 2-methoxy-3-isopropyl and 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine was found to represent the original opium odour quite well.},
	author_keywords = {GC-FTIR; GC-MS; GC-sniffing technique; headspace; opium; Papaver somniferum; Papaveraceae},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris; Papaver somniferum; Papaveraceae; 2 isobutyl 3 methoxypyrazine; 2 methoxy 3 methylpyrazine; 2 methylpyrazine; 2,5 dimethylpyrazine; 2,6 dimethylpyrazine; acid; alcohol derivative; aldehyde derivative; ester; hydrocarbon; ketone derivative; lactone derivative; opiate; phenol derivative; pyrazine derivative; unclassified drug; article; chemical composition; controlled study; drug identification; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; nonhuman; odor},
	publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag},
	issn = {00320943},
	coden = {PLMEA},
	pmid = {8202569},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {PLANTA MED.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 22}
}

@ARTICLE{Jakovcevic200949,
	author = {Jakovcevic, Adriana and Bentosela, Mariana},
	title = {Diferencias individuales en los perros domésticos (Canis familiaris): Revisión de las evaluaciones conductuales},
	year = {2009},
	journal = {Interdisciplinaria},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	pages = {49 – 76},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954183134&partnerID=40&md5=4ad3358da5e7741b64f9bb814a9e1936},
	affiliations = {Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; Carrera del Investigador Científico Consejo Nacional de, Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina},
	abstract = {A review of the research on individual differences in domestic dogs is presented in this paper. Temperament has been defined as the group of individual differences in behavior which is manifested steadily across situations and over time. It has been studied in a wide range of species including humans. Domestic dogs have undergone intense processes of selection on behavioral traits during domestication, and in the development of different breeds. These processes produced a great morphological, genetic and behavioral variability, which turned the dog in an interesting model for the study of individual differences. In this study we present a review of the different test batteries developed for the assessment of various behavioral traits. Test batteries are defined as standard experimental situations where a stimulus is used to provoke a behavior which is compared statistically to that of other individuals in the same situations, in order to classify the subjects. To achieve this aim, a brief description of seven batteries is given. Four of them evaluated dogs from breeding or training centers. Their aim was to select those animals which possess the most adequate traits to become guide or police dogs. The remaining batteries evaluated shelter dogs in order to elaborate a behavioral profile to improve the adoption process. In each battery described we analysed the operational definitions of the var iables, the method used for scoring the animal's responses (overall vs. direct), the use of trained observers and the different types of stimuli used. The behavioral traits that are mainly assessed in dogs are fearfulness, aggressiveness, responsiveness to training, and sociability. Fearfulness is generally assessed through the appearance of a startling stimulus, which can be intense or not, such as the reaction towards a strong noise, the opening of an umbrella, or the sudden appearance of a human figure. Aggressiveness is measured through the reaction towards a threat or provocation of a human being, the removal of an object, or the confrontation with a dominant dog. Responsiveness to training is studied through the response of the animal towards different stimuli, such as tug of war, retrieval, or obedience to commands. Finally, sociability is assessed with the appearance or approach of an unknown human being, or with the exposure to an unfamiliar dog. On the whole, the relevance of the assessment of these traits is fundamentally linked to the close relationship between dogs and humans. On the other hand, from a method-ological point of view, it is important to note that most of the batteries evaluated a great number of subjects, which is difficult to achieve. Also, they allow to study behavioral variability in several traits at the same time, providing a large amount of information. Notably, several tests obtained predictive validity. The main difficulties presented by the temperament batteries are the diversity in nomenclature of the same traits and the variety of definitions used. Some of them even lack the reliability and validity requirements which are necessary to be considered measuring instruments. Furthermore, complex statistical analyses are done with unreliably obtained data. To conclude, despite the method-ological limitations, temperament batteries have a great applied value. They allow the adequate selection of animals before the investment of valuable resources in their training, and a correct temperament evaluation can improve the adoption process of shelter dogs, diminishing the risk of relinquishment by predicting behavioral problems. The scope of this subject does not only matter to researchers interested in animal models of individual differences in behavior, but also to all the professionals who work in applied areas where dogs are an elemental part of the task, as the rescue or search of missing people, assisted therapy, drug detection, herding, etc.},
	author_keywords = {Behavioral test; Domestic dogs; Individual differences; Temperament},
	correspondence_address = {A. Jakovcevic; Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; email: adrianajak@yahoo.com.ar},
	issn = {16687027},
	language = {Spanish},
	abbrev_source_title = {Interdisciplinaria},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 3}
}

@ARTICLE{Galac20091214,
	author = {Galac, S. and Buijtels, J.J.C.W.M. and Kooistra, H.S.},
	title = {Urinary corticoid: Creatinine ratios in dogs with pituitary - dependent hypercortisolism during trilostane treatment},
	year = {2009},
	journal = {Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	pages = {1214 – 1219},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0374.x},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350393622&doi=10.1111%2fj.1939-1676.2009.0374.x&partnerID=40&md5=e246f63179dfbe0f0488e47b994c78d1},
	affiliations = {Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands},
	abstract = {Background: The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is used to evaluate trilostane treatment in dogs with hypercortisolism. Hypothesis: The urinary corticoid:creatinine ratio (UCCR) is a good alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine optimal trilostane dose. Animals: Eighteen dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism. Methods: In this prospective study, the dose of trilostane was judged to be optimal on the basis of resolution of clinical signs of hypercortisolism and results of an ACTH stimulation test. The owners collected urine for determination of UCCR at 2-week intervals for at least 8 weeks after achieving the optimal trilostane dose. Results: The UCCRs were significantly higher before treatment (11.5-202.0 × 106; median, 42.0 × 106) than at rechecks 2 months after optimal dosing, but they did not decrease below the upper limit of the reference range in the majority of dogs. The UCCRs of 11 dogs that initially were dosed insufficiently (range, 7.5-79.0 × 106; median, 31.0 × 106) did not differ significantly from UCCRs when the dosage was optimal (8.2-72.0 × 106; median, 33.0 × 106). Post-ACTH cortisol concentrations did not correlate significantly with UCCRs at rechecks during trilostane treatment. Long-term follow-up indicated that the decrease in UCCR below the upper limit of the reference was associated with hypocortisolism. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The UCCR cannot be used as an alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine the optimal dose of trilostane, but might be helpful in detecting dogs at risk for developing hypocortisolism during trilostane treatment. © 2009 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.},
	author_keywords = {ACTH; Cortisol; Cushing's disease; Hypocortisolism},
	keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Creatinine; Cushing Syndrome; Dihydrotestosterone; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Male; Reference Values; Animalia; Canis familiaris; androstanolone; corticosteroid; creatinine; drug derivative; enzyme inhibitor; trilostane; animal; animal disease; article; Cushing syndrome; dog; dog disease; dose response; female; male; reference value; urine},
	correspondence_address = {S. Galac; Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, Yalelaan 108, P.O. Box 80154, Netherlands; email: s.galac@uu.nl},
	issn = {08916640},
	pmid = {19709356},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Vet. Intern. Med.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 31; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Lorenzo20031212,
	author = {Lorenzo, Norma and Wan, Tianlang and Harper, Ross J. and Hsu, Ya-Li and Chow, Michael and Rose, Stefan and Furton, Kenneth G.},
	title = {Laboratory and field experiments used to identify Canis lupus var. familiaris active odor signature chemicals from drugs, explosives, and humans},
	year = {2003},
	journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
	volume = {376},
	number = {8},
	pages = {1212 – 1224},
	doi = {10.1007/s00216-003-2018-7},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141990745&doi=10.1007%2fs00216-003-2018-7&partnerID=40&md5=5d53eb7eaf717124cc531d97d0c40544},
	affiliations = {Department of Chemistry and International Forensic Research Institute (IFRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, University Park, United States},
	abstract = {This paper describes the use of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography to identify the signature odors that law enforcement-certified detector dogs alert to when searching for drugs, explosives, and humans. Background information is provided on the many types of detector dog available and specific samples highlighted in this paper are the drugs cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy), the explosives TNT and C4, and human remains. Studies include the analysis and identification of the headspace "fingerprint" of a variety of samples, followed by completion of double-blind dog trials of the individual components in an attempt to isolate and understand the target compounds that dogs alert to. SPME-GC/MS has been demonstrated to have a unique capability for the extraction of volatiles from the headspace of forensic specimens including drugs and explosives and shows great potential to aid in the investigation and understanding of the complicated process of canine odor detection. Major variables evaluated for the headspace SPME included fiber chemistry and a variety of sampling times ranging from several hours to several seconds and the resultant effect on ratios of isolated volatile components. For the drug odor studies, the CW/DVB and PDMS SPME fibers proved to be the optimal fiber types. For explosives, the results demonstrated that the best fibers in field and laboratory applications were PDMS and CW/DVB, respectively. Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC/ECD) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was better for analysis of nitromethane and TNT odors, and C-4 odors, respectively. Field studies with detector dogs have demonstrated possible candidates for new pseudo scents as well as the potential use of controlled permeation devices as non-hazardous training aids providing consistent permeation of target odors. © Springer-Verlag 2003.},
	author_keywords = {Canine detection; Drugs; Explosives; Human remains; SPME},
	keywords = {Animals; Crime; Dogs; Explosions; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Odors; Street Drugs; Substance Abuse Detection; Canis familiaris; Canis lupus; Chemical analysis; Explosives; Gas chromatography; Laboratories; Odors; Personnel training; 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; street drug; animal; article; crime; dog; explosion; human; instrumentation; methodology; odor; substance abuse; Canine detection; Electron capture detector; Human remains; SPME; Drug dosage},
	correspondence_address = {K.G. Furton; Department of Chemistry and International Forensic Research Institute (IFRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, University Park, United States; email: Ken.Furton@fiu.edu},
	issn = {16182642},
	coden = {ABCNB},
	pmid = {12845400},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Anal. Bioanal. Chem.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 163}
}

@ARTICLE{Llera20061028,
	author = {Llera, Ryan M. and Volmer, Petra A.},
	title = {Toxicologic hazards for police dogs involved in drug detection},
	year = {2006},
	journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
	volume = {228},
	number = {7},
	pages = {1028 – 1032},
	doi = {10.2460/javma.228.7.1028},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645468202&doi=10.2460%2fjavma.228.7.1028&partnerID=40&md5=e5ec4358d8ca58bedff8fc44788ccfa9},
	affiliations = {Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States},
	keywords = {Canis familiaris; Cannabis; activated carbon; ammonium chloride; amphetamine derivative; antiinfective agent; apomorphine; barbituric acid derivative; bicarbonate; cannabis; chlorpromazine; cocaine; diazepam; glucocorticoid; haloperidol; hydrogen peroxide; illicit drug; laxative; magnesium sulfate; naloxone; opiate; phencyclidine; propranolol; riot control agent; sodium sulfate; article; central nervous system depression; clinical feature; cooling; dangerous goods; dog; drug detoxification; drug intoxication; emergency treatment; fluid therapy; hypotension; laboratory; nonhuman; oxygen therapy; police; respiration depression; respiratory tract infection; sedation; seizure; stomach lavage; tachycardia; thermoregulation; toxicokinetics; urine acidification; vomiting},
	publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
	issn = {00031488},
	coden = {JAVMA},
	pmid = {16579778},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 19}
}

@ARTICLE{Curin2011258,
	author = {Curin, Mirela and Reininger, Renate and Swoboda, Ines and Focke, Margit and Valenta, Rudolf and Spitzauer, Susanne},
	title = {Skin prick test extracts for dog allergy diagnosis show considerable variations regarding the content of major and minor dog allergens},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {International Archives of Allergy and Immunology},
	volume = {154},
	number = {3},
	pages = {258 – 263},
	doi = {10.1159/000321113},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956860265&doi=10.1159%2f000321113&partnerID=40&md5=537633e5a7fdab9f9a6abf28d6625f68},
	affiliations = {Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria},
	abstract = {Background: Commercial skin prick test (SPT) extracts used for the diagnosis of dog allergy are prepared by extracting allergens from natural sources, e.g. dog hair and dander. Due to different starting material and extraction methods used, it is likely that extracts differ regarding their allergen contents. Methods: The total protein content and composition of dog SPT extracts from 5 European manufacturers were compared by silver-stained SDS-PAGE. Specific antibody probes were generated to detect major and minor allergens in each extract by immunoblotting. Additionally, sera of patients suffering from dog allergy were used to detect dog allergens in SPT extracts. Results: SPT extracts showed a 20-fold variation regarding the total protein content. The contents of the major dog allergen Can f 1 and of Can f 2 varied considerably between the extracts. In one of the extracts, neither Can f 1 nor Can f 2 could be detected by immunoblotting. The contents of the minor dog allergen Can f 3, albumin, also showed great variability. In one of the dog SPT extracts, the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) was detected with HSA-specific antibodies. Conclusion: The observed variability of commercial dog SPT extracts regarding their allergen contents likely has a negative influence on the accuracy of diagnosis of dog allergy. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG.},
	author_keywords = {Dog allergens; Dog allergy diagnosis; Skin prick test extracts},
	keywords = {Allergens; Animals; Antigens, Plant; Dogs; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hair; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Serum Albumin; Skin Tests; albumin; allergen; Can f 1 allergen; Can f 2 allergen; Can f 3 allergen; carrier protein; human serum albumin; immunoglobulin E antibody; lipocalin; unclassified drug; allergy; article; blood examination; case report; diagnostic test accuracy study; domestic animal allergy; human; immunoblotting; immunoreactivity; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; prick test; priority journal; protein content; skin test},
	correspondence_address = {R. Valenta; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria; email: rudolf.valenta@meduniwien.ac.at},
	issn = {10182438},
	coden = {IAAIE},
	pmid = {20861648},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 83}
}

@ARTICLE{Fabb2000601,
	author = {Fabb, S.A. and Dickson, J.G.},
	title = {Technology evaluation: AAV factor IX gene therapy, Avigen Inc},
	year = {2000},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics},
	volume = {2},
	number = {5},
	pages = {601 – 606},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033750541&partnerID=40&md5=279b026c80872f3e8624938d5021444b},
	affiliations = {Department of Biochemistry, Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Gene therapy vectors encoding native and mutant Factor IX sequences for the treatment of hemophilia are claimed. Factor IX is in the blood clotting cascade in humans and is missing or inactive in patients with hemophilia B. Recombinant AAV vectors containing the cDNA for Factor IX together with a portion of the intron 1 of this gene are claimed. Various mutant forms of the Factor IX protein such as those which have the ability to bind to human collagen IV are also claimed. The AAV constructs can be injected directly into muscle tissue in at least six sites to achieve their effect. The human Factor IX coding sequences are placed into an AAV vectors under the expression control of the CMV promoter/enhancer. The AAV construct also contains a 1.4 kb fragment of intron 1 of the Factor IX gene. The Factor IX coding sequence is followed by the SV40 polyadenylation sequence and flanked by the AAV ITR sequences. Recombinant virus of 1012 to 1013 genomes/ml was used to inject into mice at a concentration of 1011 or 1010 viral genomes per animal. The injections were in the tibialis anterior and the quadriceps muscle. The human Factor IX was expressed and circulating antibodies were detected. Dogs carrying a mutation in the Factor IX gene which gave them hemophilia B were administered AAV constructs containing dog Factor IX and these showed significantly reduced clotting times.},
	keywords = {Animals; Antibody Formation; Biotechnology; Dependovirus; Factor IX; Gene Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Hemophilia B; Humans; Male; blood clotting factor 9; coagulin b; clinical trial; drug induced disease; drug response; expression vector; gene therapy; hemophilia B; human; licensing; phase 1 clinical trial; review; technology},
	correspondence_address = {S.A. Fabb; Department of Biochemistry, Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, United Kingdom; email: s.fabb@rhbnc.ac.uk},
	issn = {14648431},
	coden = {CUOTF},
	pmid = {11249763},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 18}
}

@ARTICLE{Zamel199033,
	author = {Zamel, A.A.},
	title = {Training of drug detector dogs},
	year = {1990},
	journal = {International Criminal Police Review},
	volume = {45},
	number = {423},
	pages = {33 – 36},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025179988&partnerID=40&md5=a9c7946c611f0afbb6abadb01871946e},
	keywords = {animal; article; dog; drug control; education; mammal; nonhuman; organization and management; training},
	issn = {0367729X},
	coden = {ICPOA},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {INT. CRIM. POL. REV.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{19915,
	title = {Special report. New products that improve officer performance, safety.},
	year = {1991},
	journal = {Hospital security and safety management},
	volume = {12},
	number = {8},
	pages = {5 – 9},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026310371&partnerID=40&md5=98d3eb685c866efa81d559afeee8f25e},
	abstract = {The need for products that improve performance of security officers is counterbalanced these days by budgetary constraints. While this may limit major investments in security systems and personnel, less costly improvements or innovations might be worth considering. In this report, we will discuss four advances that may be valuable not only in hospital security, but in other industries as well. One of them, a smoke filter, was originally developed for the hotel industry. Another, a drug detection device, may replace the use of undercover agents or drug-sniffing' dogs in certain circumstances. The third new product is an economical patrol vehicle for parking facilities which might replace more costly vehicles such as golf carts or cars. The fourth product, a roving CCTV camera, is actually being tested at a Midwest medical center and may allow you to monitor areas of parking garages with cameras instead of officers on patrol.},
	keywords = {Equipment and Supplies, Hospital; Human; Off-Road Motor Vehicles; Parking Facilities; Security Measures; Smoke Inhalation Injury; Substance Abuse Detection; Television; United States; article; construction work and architectural phenomena; hospital equipment; human; lung burn; methodology; motor vehicle; organization and management; substance abuse; television; United States},
	issn = {07451148},
	pmid = {10116406},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Hosp Secur Saf Manage},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Adams1994115,
	author = {Adams, G.J. and Johnson, K.G.},
	title = {Sleep, work, and the effects of shift work in drug detector dogs Canis familiaris},
	year = {1994},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {115 – 126},
	doi = {10.1016/0168-1591(94)90056-6},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38149147209&doi=10.1016%2f0168-1591%2894%2990056-6&partnerID=40&md5=8a04124b263e5bc5b573874b0d040912},
	affiliations = {School of Veterinary Studies, Murdoch University, Murdoch, W.A. 6150, Australia},
	abstract = {Sleep-wake cycles of six drug detector dogs were video recorded, and the effects on them of shift work assessed. Observations were also recorded of interactions between dogs and their handlers during rest and work. Non-working dogs recorded immediately after work or at the same time of day or night when not scheduled for work, slept for 43 ± 16% (SD) of the 8-h recording sessions. They had 3.8 ± 1.2 sleep sessions per h, each of which lasted 7.2 ± 2.3 min. Active sleep occurred during 6.4% ± 4.8% of the total recorded time; there were 0.6 ± 0.4 active sleep sessions per h, each lasting on average 5.9 ± 3.8 min. The rhythms, duration and nature of active sleep were closely comparable with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep patterns recorded electrophysiologically by other workers; active and REM sleep in dogs are most probably identical. Patterns of sleep-wake cycles were not altered when handler-dog teams worked different day and night shifts. The ability of dogs to cope with changing shifts may be due to their natural brief and frequent sleep-wake cycles which may allow them sufficient and easy adjustment to changing routines. Two dogs examined after extended periods of not working showed a first-day-back-at-work effect in which active sleep on the following night was diminished, and less total time was spent asleep. © 1994.},
	author_keywords = {Activity pattern; Circadian rhythm, Sleep; Dog; Olfaction},
	issn = {01681591},
	coden = {AABSE},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 36}
}

@ARTICLE{Simpson2011519,
	author = {Simpson, Alan and Bowers, Len and Haglund, Kristina and Muir-Cochrane, Eimear and Nijman, Henk and Van Der Merwe, Marie},
	title = {The relationship between substance use and exit security on psychiatric wards},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {Journal of Advanced Nursing},
	volume = {67},
	number = {3},
	pages = {519 – 530},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05499.x},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951524075&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2648.2010.05499.x&partnerID=40&md5=cea5bca278988f09dbb66a5ad385e13e},
	affiliations = {Collaborative Mental Health, School of Community and Health Sciences, City University London, United Kingdom; Psychiatric Nursing, School of Community and Health Sciences, City University London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden; Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Forensic Psychiatry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; City University London, United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Aim. In this paper we report on the rates of drug/alcohol use on acute psychiatric wards in relation to levels and intensity of exit security measures. Background. Many inpatient wards have become permanently locked, with staff concerned about the risk of patients leaving the ward and harming themselves or others, and of people bringing illicit substances into the therapeutic environment. Methods. In 2004/2005, a cross sectional survey on 136 acute psychiatric wards across three areas of England was undertaken. A comprehensive range of data including door locking and drug/alcohol use were collected over 6months on each ward. In 2006, supplementary data on door locking and exit security were collected. Door locking, additional exit security measures and substance misuse rates of the 136 wards were analysed and the associations between these were investigated. Results. No consistent relationships were found with exit security features, intensity of drug/alcohol monitoring procedures, or the locking of the ward door. There were indications that use of breath testing for alcohol might reduce usage and that the use of 'sniffer' dogs was associated with greater alcohol use. Conclusion. Greater exit security or locking of the ward door had no influence on rates of use of alcohol or illicit drugs by inpatients and thus cannot form part of any strategy to control substance use by inpatients. There are some grounds to believe that a greater use of screening might help reduce the frequency of alcohol/substance use on wards and may lead to a reduction in verbal abuse. © 2010 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	author_keywords = {Drug monitoring/testing; Dual diagnosis; Locked doors; Psychiatric inpatients; Sniffer dogs; Substance misuse; Ward security},
	keywords = {Adult; Aggression; Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Dogs; England; Hospitalization; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Models, Statistical; Nurse-Patient Relations; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Organizational Policy; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Retrospective Studies; Safety Management; Security Measures; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Violence; addiction; adult; aggression; animal; article; cross-sectional study; dog; drinking behavior; hospital patient; hospitalization; human; male; methodology; nurse patient relationship; nursing staff; organization and management; policy; psychiatric department; psychiatric diagnosis; psychological aspect; retrospective study; safety; statistical model; statistics; substance abuse; United Kingdom; utilization review; violence},
	correspondence_address = {A. Simpson; Collaborative Mental Health, School of Community and Health Sciences, City University London, United Kingdom; email: a.simpson@city.ac.uk},
	issn = {13652648},
	coden = {JANUD},
	pmid = {21073504},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Adv. Nurs.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 12; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Brown2006105,
	author = {Brown, Ben},
	title = {Controlling crime and delinquency in the schools: An exploratory study of student perceptions of school security measures},
	year = {2006},
	journal = {Journal of School Violence},
	volume = {4},
	number = {4},
	pages = {105 – 125},
	doi = {10.1300/J202v04n04_07},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33746562294&doi=10.1300%2fJ202v04n04_07&partnerID=40&md5=3ce702b4446cd7a8009f0204554d5158},
	affiliations = {Criminal Justice Department, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, United States},
	abstract = {This paper provides an analysis of data on school security measures which were obtained from a survey administered to a sample of 230 high school students. The majority of students indicated that the school police officers and security officers help keep the schools safe and that the drug-sniffing dogs help reduce drugs in the schools, but there was no clear consensus among the students on the issues of whether the video surveillance cameras increase safety, whether the police and security officers should search students with metal detectors, or whether there should be more police and security officers in the schools. The only security measure which the majority of students disliked was the policy that all backpacks be translucent. An examination of gender differences in student perceptions of school security measures shows that males were significantly more likely than females to negatively evaluate the school police officers and to oppose the use of metal detectors in the schools. Finally, the data indicate that the aforementioned security strategies have little impact on the presence of drugs and weapons in the schools. The policy implications are discussed. Copyright © by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Crime; Delinquency; Detectors; Gender differences; High school; School security; Surveillance},
	correspondence_address = {B. Brown; Criminal Justice Department, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, United States; email: Ben.Brown@utb.edu},
	issn = {15388239},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Sch. Violence},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 65}
}

@ARTICLE{200930,
	title = {The use of drug sniffer dogs on mental health wards},
	year = {2009},
	journal = {Advances in Dual Diagnosis},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	pages = {30 – 34},
	doi = {10.1108/17570972200900013},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930394574&doi=10.1108%2f17570972200900013&partnerID=40&md5=b19b25b7cf8c90fb9cecbf5fa9dbae53},
	issn = {17570972},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Adv. Dual Diagn.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 2}
}

@ARTICLE{Collada Martinez1979174,
	author = {Collada Martinez, J.},
	title = {Dogs to detect drugs},
	year = {1979},
	journal = {International Criminal Police Review},
	volume = {34},
	number = {329},
	pages = {174 – 175},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018748824&partnerID=40&md5=154482506096cee934b53c0a7752bddb},
	abstract = {Dogs used for drug detection differ markedly from ordinary police dogs. The basic characteristic required is that they must be reasonably aggressive and have an independent nature, so that they are continually 'on the look-out' and will be able to work in complete freedom without pressure from their handlers. In this way they will enjoy their work since they are following their natural inclinations. The dogs must also have an extremely acute sense of smell. During training it is important to assess this sense of smell continuously and develop it to the maximum; the dogs must be taught to associate different smells and differentiate between them, for they can then be used to detect a number of different drugs. Then they must be taught to track down and distinguish the smells of the drugs we usually encounter (hashish, marijuana, heroin and cocaine). The dogs are used mainly to check baggage and vehicles. For example, in March 1978, Pirri discovered 13.5 kg of hashish in the petrol tank of a British car.},
	keywords = {cannabis; diamorphine; dog; drug determination; legal aspect},
	issn = {0367729X},
	coden = {ICPOA},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {INT. CRIM. POL. REV.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 0}
}

@ARTICLE{Acree197616,
	author = {Acree, V.D.},
	title = {Customs tailored enforcement techniques: trouble for federal lawbreakers},
	year = {1976},
	journal = {FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	pages = {16 – 20},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0016882005&partnerID=40&md5=452535f03265b6542f8d12527e529d94},
	affiliations = {United States},
	abstract = {U.S. Customs Service is currently waging a 20th century war against smugglers, drug traffickers, fugitives, fraud perpetrators, and other criminals, with an arsenal of enforcement aids as new as tomorrow. Important among Customs' search and detection tools is its 128 member canine corps of narcotics detector dogs. Trained to recognize the scent of narcotics, even when disguised, they save untold man hours by locating narcotics in vehicles, mail, unaccompanied baggage, and cargo shipments. A dog and his handler can check 500 packages in 3 minutes. At border points, a dog can inspect a vehicle in 2 minutes, where a Customs officer would take half an hour. With an unparalleled productivity and cost effectiveness return of 85 to 1, Customs' detector dogs last year participated in 4,000 seizures of illicit drugs. They searched 168,000 vessels, aircraft, and vehicles, 7 million units of mail, and 7 million cargo shipments. Technological tools, including radar and infrared detection devices, modern aircraft, and instantaneous data retrieval and communications systems, enable Customs officers to locate potential lawbreakers, keep them under surveillance, alert investigating agencies to their activities, and interdict and arrest when a crime is committed.},
	keywords = {narcotic agent; dog; drug dependence; law enforcement; legal aspect; methodology; theoretical study},
	issn = {00145688},
	coden = {FBILB},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULL.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 1}
}

@ARTICLE{Lit2011387,
	author = {Lit, Lisa and Schweitzer, Julie B. and Oberbauer, Anita M.},
	title = {Handler beliefs affect scent detection dog outcomes},
	year = {2011},
	journal = {Animal Cognition},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	pages = {387 – 394},
	doi = {10.1007/s10071-010-0373-2},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955066495&doi=10.1007%2fs10071-010-0373-2&partnerID=40&md5=e3ad6236e183f8213ce60f656afdbea2},
	affiliations = {Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, 2805 50th Street, 2415, United States},
	abstract = {Our aim was to evaluate how human beliefs affect working dog outcomes in an applied environment. We asked whether beliefs of scent detection dog handlers affect team performance and evaluated relative importance of human versus dog influences on handlers' beliefs. Eighteen drug and/or explosive detection dog/handler teams each completed two sets of four brief search scenarios (conditions). Handlers were falsely told that two conditions contained a paper marking scent location (human influence). Two conditions contained decoy scents (food/toy) to encourage dog interest in a false location (dog influence). Conditions were (1) control; (2) paper marker; (3) decoy scent; and (4) paper marker at decoy scent. No conditions contained drug or explosive scent; any alerting response was incorrect. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used with search condition as the independent variable and number of alerts as the dependent variable. Additional nonparametric tests compared human and dog influence. There were 225 incorrect responses, with no differences in mean responses across conditions. Response patterns differed by condition. There were more correct (no alert responses) searches in conditions without markers. Within marked conditions, handlers reported that dogs alerted more at marked locations than other locations. Handlers' beliefs that scent was present potentiated handler identification of detection dog alerts. Human more than dog influences affected alert locations. This confirms that handler beliefs affect outcomes of scent detection dog deployments. © 2011 The Author(s).},
	author_keywords = {Canine; Dog; Interspecies communication; Scent detection; Social cognition},
	keywords = {Animals; Behavior, Animal; Communication; Cues; Dogs; Female; Humans; Male; Smell; Canis familiaris; animal; animal behavior; article; association; dog; female; human; interpersonal communication; male; odor; physiology; psychological aspect},
	correspondence_address = {L. Lit; M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, 2805 50th Street, 2415, United States; email: llit@ucdavis.edu},
	issn = {14359448},
	pmid = {21225441},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Anim. Cogn.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 121; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}

@ARTICLE{Gahagan2012361,
	author = {Gahagan, Patti and Wismer, Tina},
	title = {Toxicology of Explosives and Fireworks in Small Animals},
	year = {2012},
	journal = {Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice},
	volume = {42},
	number = {2},
	pages = {361 – 373},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.12.011},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857623194&doi=10.1016%2fj.cvsm.2011.12.011&partnerID=40&md5=9f7e5a17769276fb1eae94316e2a29c7},
	affiliations = {Novartis Animal Health US, Inc, Greensboro, NC 27408, 3200 Northline Avenue, Suite 300, United States; ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, Urbana, IL 61802, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, United States},
	author_keywords = {Barium; Chlorates; Explosive detection dogs/working dogs; Explosives; Fireworks; Nitrates},
	keywords = {Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Explosive Agents; Animalia; Canis familiaris; acetylcysteine; aluminum; ammonium nitrate; antimony; apomorphine; barium; beryllium; calcium; carbon; cesium; chlorate; copper; cyclonite; diazepam; ethylene glycol dinitrate; explosive; glyceryl trinitrate; lead; liver enzyme; maropitant; methylene blue; metoclopramide; pentaerythrityl tetranitrate; phenobarbital; potassium nitrate; propofol; pyroxylin; sulfur; trinitrotoluene; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; angina pectoris; animal care; animal welfare; asepsis; chemical composition; clinical feature; concentration response; decomposition; disease control; disease course; dog; exposure; intoxication; LD 50; liver function; methemoglobinemia; neurotoxicity; nonhuman; review; seizure; stomach lavage; training; treatment duration; vomiting},
	correspondence_address = {T. Wismer; ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, Urbana, IL 61802, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, United States; email: tina.wismer@aspca.org},
	issn = {18781306},
	coden = {VCNAA},
	pmid = {22381185},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract.},
	type = {Review},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 4}
}

@ARTICLE{Wood2010897,
	author = {Wood, Susanna A. and Heath, Mark W. and Holland, Patrick T. and Munday, Rex and McGregor, Glenn B. and Ryan, Ken G.},
	title = {Identification of a benthic microcystin-producing filamentous cyanobacterium (Oscillatoriales) associated with a dog poisoning in New Zealand},
	year = {2010},
	journal = {Toxicon},
	volume = {55},
	number = {4},
	pages = {897 – 903},
	doi = {10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.12.019},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953464977&doi=10.1016%2fj.toxicon.2009.12.019&partnerID=40&md5=a7b6d9dc01bc967f59a98b6e81b43f35},
	affiliations = {Cawthron Institute, Freshwater, Nelson 7001, Private Bag 2, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, PO Box 600, New Zealand; AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, Private Bag 3123, New Zealand; Environment and Resource Sciences, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Indooroopilly, QLD, 120 Meiers Road, Australia},
	abstract = {In November 2008 a dog died soon after ingesting benthic " algal" mat material from the Waitaki River, New Zealand. Based on a morphological examination of environmental material, the causative organism was putatively identified as the filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. Two strains (VUW25 and CYN61) were isolated and cultured to enable further taxonomic and cyanotoxin characterisation. Phylogenetic analyses based on a region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, intergenic spacer (ITS) region and the mcyE gene demonstrated that the species was likely to be a new Planktothrix species that is either benthic or has a biphasic life cycle. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), microcystin-LR, [D-Asp 3, Dha 7] microcystin-LR, [D-Asp 3] microcystin-LR, and minor proportions of [D-Asp 3, ADMAdda 5] microcystin-LhR were identified. This is the first report of [D-Asp 3] microcystin-LR, [D-Asp 3, Dha 7] microcystin-LR and an ADMAadda variant in New Zealand. No cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins or anatoxins were detected. Dog deaths caused by the consumption of cyanobacterial mats containing anatoxins have previously been reported in New Zealand. To our knowledge, however, this is the first instance of a benthic microcystin-producing species causing an animal death in New Zealand. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.},
	author_keywords = {16S rRNA; Benthic cyanobacteria; Microcystins; New Zealand; Phormidium; Planktothrix},
	keywords = {Animals; Biological Assay; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyanobacteria; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mass Spectrometry; Microcystins; New Zealand; Phylogeny; Poisoning; algae; Animalia; Canis familiaris; Cyanobacteria; Oscillatoriales; Phormidium; Phormidium sp.; Planktothrix; anatoxin; cylindrospermopsin; internal transcribed spacer; microcystin LhR[3 dextro aspartic acid 5 ADMAdda]; microcystin LR; microcystin LR[3 dextro aspartic acid 7 Dha]; microcystin LR[3 dextro aspartic acid]; saxitoxin; unclassified drug; microcystin; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; bacterium culture; bacterium identification; bacterium isolation; benthos; biphasic life cycle; controlled study; cyanobacterium; dog; gene sequence; intoxication; life cycle; liquid chromatography; liver toxicity; mass spectrometry; mcyE gene; mouse; New Zealand; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; Oscillatoriales; Phormidium; phylogenetic tree; Planktothrix; priority journal; RNA 16S gene; sequence analysis; sequence homology; species identification; toxicity testing; animal; animal disease; bioassay; chemically induced disorder; dog disease; intoxication; isolation and purification; microbiology; phylogeny},
	correspondence_address = {S.A. Wood; Cawthron Institute, Freshwater, Nelson 7001, Private Bag 2, New Zealand; email: susie.wood@cawthron.org.nz},
	issn = {18793150},
	coden = {TOXIA},
	pmid = {20043936},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Toxicon},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 85}
}

@ARTICLE{de Oliveira2008392,
	author = {de Oliveira, Lidia S. and Rodrigues, Frederico de M. and de Oliveira, Fabio S. and Mesquita, Paulo R.R. and Leal, Danielle C. and Alcântara, Adriano C. and Souza, Barbara M. and Franke, Carlos R. and Pereira, Pedro. A. de P. and de Andrade, Jailson B.},
	title = {Headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined to chemometric analysis for volatile organic compounds determination in canine hair: A new tool to detect dog contamination by visceral leishmaniasis},
	year = {2008},
	journal = {Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences},
	volume = {875},
	number = {2},
	pages = {392 – 398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.09.028},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-55249110369&doi=10.1016%2fj.jchromb.2008.09.028&partnerID=40&md5=c270295ee6e3426bb62088cd5b7cb68d},
	affiliations = {Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Campus Universitario de Ondina, Brazil; Empresa Baiana de Desenvolvimento Agrícola S.A. (EBDA), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Campus Universitario de Ondina, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cajueiro, Santo Antonio de Jesus, BA, Brazil},
	abstract = {A new analytical methodology using HS-SPME/GC-MS was optimized in order to attain maximum sensitivity, using multivariate strategies. The proposed method was employed to evaluate the VOC profile exhaled from canine hair samples collected from 8 healthy dogs and from 16 dogs infected by Leishmania infantum. 274 VOCs were detected, which could be identified as aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. After application of the Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) healthy and infected dogs, with similar VOCs profiles, could be separately grouped, based on compounds such as 2-hexanone, benzaldehyde, and 2,4-nonadienal. The proposed method is non-invasive, painless, readily accepted by dog owners and could be useful to identify several biomarkers with applications in the diagnosis of diseases. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	author_keywords = {Canine hair; Diagnosis; HS-SPME/GC-MS; Multivariate optimization; PCA; Visceral leishmaniasis; VOCs},
	keywords = {Animals; Biological Markers; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Linear Models; Multivariate Analysis; Principal Component Analysis; Solid Phase Microextraction; Volatile Organic Compounds; Canis familiaris; Leishmania infantum; Aldehydes; Chromatographic analysis; High performance liquid chromatography; Hydraulic structures; Hydrocarbons; Independent component analysis; Ketones; Mass spectrometry; Organic compounds; Pollution detection; Volatile organic compounds; 2 decanone; 2 heptenal; 2 hexanone; 2 octanone; 2 octenal; 2,2 nonadienal; aldehyde; benzaldehyde; carbonyl derivative; decanal; dodecane; eicosane; henicosane; heptadecane; heptyl aldehyde; hexadecane; hexanal; hydrocarbon; ketone; nonadecane; nonanal; octadecane; octanal; pentadecane; tridecane; unclassified drug; undecane; volatile organic compound; ?dog; animal experiment; animal model; article; chemometric analysis; controlled study; dog disease; hair; hair analysis; headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry; Leishmania infantum; mass fragmentography; microbial contamination; multivariate analysis; nonhuman; principal component analysis; priority journal; sensitivity analysis; separation technique; solid phase microextraction; visceral leishmaniasis; Canine hair; HS-SPME/GC-MS; Multivariate optimization; PCA; Visceral leishmaniasis; VOCs; Principal component analysis},
	correspondence_address = {J.B. de Andrade; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Campus Universitario de Ondina, Brazil; email: jailsong@ufba.br},
	issn = {15700232},
	coden = {JCBAA},
	pmid = {18945650},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 27; All Open Access, Green Open Access}
}